PMID:12235125

Citation	Widlund, HR, Horstmann, MA, Price, ER, Cui, J, Lessnick, SL, Wu, M, He, X and Fisher, DE (2002) Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream target Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. J. Cell Biol. 158:1079-87
Abstract	The transcription factor Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a lineage-determination factor, which modulates melanocyte differentiation and pigmentation. MITF was recently shown to reside downstream of the canonical Wnt pathway during melanocyte differentiation from pluripotent neural crest cells in zebrafish as well as in mammalian melanocyte lineage cells. Although expression of many melanocytic/pigmentation markers is lost in human melanoma, MITF expression remains intact, even in unpigmented tumors, suggesting a role for MITF beyond its role in differentiation. A significant fraction of primary human melanomas exhibit deregulation (via aberrant nuclear accumulation) of beta-catenin, leading us to examine its role in melanoma growth and survival. Here, we show that beta-catenin is a potent mediator of growth for melanoma cells in a manner dependent on its downstream target MITF. Moreover, suppression of melanoma clonogenic growth by disruption of beta-catenin-T-cell transcription factor/LEF is rescued by constitutive MITF. This rescue occurs largely through a prosurvival mechanism. Thus, beta-catenin regulation of MITF expression represents a tissue-restricted pathway that significantly influences the growth and survival behavior of this notoriously treatment-resistant neoplasm.
Links	PubMed PMC2173224 Online version:10.1083/jcb.200202049
Keywords	Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cytoskeletal Proteins/physiology; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism; DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Humans; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism; Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; Melanoma/genetics; Melanoma/metabolism; Melanoma/pathology; Melanoma, Experimental/genetics; Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism; Melanoma, Experimental/pathology; Mice; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Trans-Activators/physiology; Transcription Factors/metabolism; Transcription Factors/physiology; Transcriptional Activation; Transfection; Tumor Cells, Cultured; beta Catenin
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