PMID:12024012

Citation	Pan, X and Heitman, J (2002) Protein kinase A operates a molecular switch that governs yeast pseudohyphal differentiation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:3981-93
Abstract	The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes a dimorphic filamentous transition in response to nutrient cues that is affected by both mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclic AMP-protein kinase A signaling cascades. Here two transcriptional regulators, Flo8 and Sfl1, are shown to be the direct molecular targets of protein kinase A. Flo8 and Sfl1 antagonistically control expression of the cell adhesin Flo11 via a common promoter element. Phosphorylation by the protein kinase A catalytic subunit Tpk2 promotes Flo8 binding and activation of the Flo11 promoter and relieves repression by prohibiting dimerization and DNA binding by Sfl1. Our studies illustrate in molecular detail how protein kinase A combinatorially effects a key developmental switch. Similar mechanisms may operate in pathogenic fungi and more complex multicellular eukaryotic organisms.
Links	PubMed PMC133872
Keywords	Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Catalytic Domain; Cell Division; Cell Nucleus/metabolism; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism; Fungal Proteins/genetics; Fungal Proteins/metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Proteins/genetics; Membrane Proteins/metabolism; Mutation; Nuclear Proteins; Phosphorylation; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Kinases/genetics; Protein Kinases/metabolism; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/physiology; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism; Serine Endopeptidases/genetics; Trans-Activators/genetics; Trans-Activators/metabolism; Transcription Factors
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