PMID:11146504

Citation	Dominov, JA, Houlihan-Kawamoto, CA, Swap, CJ and Miller, JB (2001) Pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family in skeletal muscle: a distinct role for Bcl-2 in later stages of myogenesis. Dev. Dyn. 220:18-26
Abstract	Apoptotic myonuclei appear during myogenesis and in diseased muscles. To investigate cell death regulation in skeletal muscle, we examined how members of the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis regulators are expressed and function in the C2C12 muscle cell line and in primary muscle cells at different stages of development. Both anti-apoptotic (Bcl-W, Bcl-X(L)) and pro-apoptotic (Bad, Bak, Bax) members of the Bcl-2 family were expressed in developing skeletal muscle in vivo. Each was also expressed in embryonic (E11-12), fetal (E15-16), and neonatal muscle stem cells, myoblasts, and myotubes in vitro. In contrast, Bcl-2 expression was limited to a small group of mononucleate, desmin-positive, myogenin-negative muscle cells that were seen in fetal and neonatal, but not embryonic, muscle cell cultures. The cell surface protein Sca-1, which is associated with muscle and blood stem cells, was found on approximately 1/2 of these Bcl-2-positive cells. Loss of Bcl-2 did not affect expression of other family members, because neonatal muscles of wild-type and Bcl-2-null mice had similar amounts of Bcl-X(L), Bcl-W, Bad, Bak, and Bax mRNAs. Loss of Bcl-2 did have functional consequences; however, because neonatal muscles of Bcl-2-null mice had only approximately 2/3 as many fast muscle fibers as muscles in wild-type mice. Thus, Bcl-2 function is required for particular stages of fetal and postnatal myogenesis.
Links	PubMed Online version:<::AID-DVDY1088>3.0.CO;2-# 10.1002/1097-0177(2000)9999:9999<::AID-DVDY1088>3.0.CO;2-#
Keywords	Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis; Cell Line; Cell Membrane/metabolism; Cell Nucleus/metabolism; Cells, Cultured; Genotype; Immunoblotting; Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/metabolism; Muscle, Skeletal/embryology; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism; Muscles/embryology; Muscles/metabolism; Protein Biosynthesis; Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/biosynthesis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/physiology; RNA/metabolism; RNA, Messenger/metabolism; Time Factors; bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; bcl-Associated Death Protein; bcl-X Protein
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