PMID:10878022

Citation	Apel, ED, Lewis, RM, Grady, RM and Sanes, JR (2000) Syne-1, a dystrophin- and Klarsicht-related protein associated with synaptic nuclei at the neuromuscular junction. J. Biol. Chem. 275:31986-95
Abstract	We describe a novel protein, Syne-1, that is associated with nuclear envelopes in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells. Syne-1 contains multiple spectrin repeats similar to those found in dystrophin and utrophin, as well as a domain homologous to the carboxyl-terminal of Klarsicht, a protein associated with nuclei and required for a subset of nuclear migrations in Drosophila. In adult skeletal muscle fibers, levels of Syne-1 are highest in the nuclei that lie beneath the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction. These nuclei are transcriptionally specialized, expressing genes for synaptic components at higher levels than extrasynaptic nuclei in the same cytoplasm. Syne-1 is the first protein found to be selectively associated with synaptic nuclei. Syne-1 becomes concentrated in synaptic nuclei postnatally. It remains synaptically enriched following denervation or degeneration/regeneration, and is also present at high levels in the central nuclei of dystrophic myotubes. The location and structure of Syne-1 suggest that it may participate in the migration of myonuclei in myotubes and/or their anchoring at the postsynaptic apparatus. Finally, we identify a homologous gene, syne-2, that is expressed in an overlapping but distinct pattern.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1074/jbc.M004775200
Keywords	Alternative Splicing/genetics; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cell Line; Drosophila Proteins; Dystrophin/chemistry; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Insect Proteins/chemistry; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Microfilament Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism; Muscle Proteins/chemistry; Muscle Proteins/genetics; Muscle Proteins/metabolism; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism; Neuromuscular Junction/chemistry; Neuromuscular Junction/cytology; Neuromuscular Junction/metabolism; Nuclear Envelope/chemistry; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry; Nuclear Proteins/genetics; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism; Precipitin Tests; Protein Binding; Protein Isoforms/chemistry; Protein Isoforms/genetics; Protein Isoforms/metabolism; RNA, Messenger/genetics; RNA, Messenger/metabolism; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism; Receptors, Cholinergic; Sequence Alignment; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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