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HUMAN:HBB

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Species (Taxon ID) Homo sapiens (Human). (9606)
Gene Name(s) HBB
Protein Name(s) Hemoglobin subunit beta

Beta-globin Hemoglobin beta chain LVV-hemorphin-7 Spinorphin

External Links
UniProt P68871
EMBL M25079
V00499
DQ126270
DQ126271
DQ126272
DQ126273
DQ126274
DQ126275
DQ126276
DQ126277
DQ126278
DQ126279
DQ126280
DQ126281
DQ126282
DQ126283
DQ126284
DQ126285
DQ126286
DQ126287
DQ126288
DQ126289
DQ126290
DQ126291
DQ126292
DQ126293
DQ126294
DQ126295
DQ126296
DQ126297
DQ126298
DQ126299
DQ126300
DQ126301
DQ126302
DQ126303
DQ126304
DQ126305
DQ126306
DQ126307
DQ126308
DQ126309
DQ126310
DQ126311
DQ126312
DQ126313
DQ126314
DQ126315
DQ126316
DQ126317
DQ126318
DQ126319
DQ126320
DQ126321
DQ126322
DQ126323
DQ126324
DQ126325
AF007546
AF083883
AF117710
AF181989
AF349114
AF527577
AY136510
AY163866
AY260740
AY509193
EF450778
EU694432
AK311825
CR536530
CR541913
CH471064
BC007075
U01317
V00497
V00500
L26462
L26463
L26464
L26465
L26466
L26467
L26468
L26469
L26470
L26471
L26472
L26473
L26474
L26475
L26476
L26477
L26478
L48213
L48214
L48215
L48216
L48217
M36640
M11428
M25113
L48932
CCDS CCDS7753.1
PIR A53136
RefSeq NP_000509.1
UniGene Hs.523443
PDB 1A00
1A01
1A0U
1A0Z
1A3N
1A3O
1ABW
1ABY
1AJ9
1B86
1BAB
1BBB
1BIJ
1BUW
1BZ0
1BZ1
1BZZ
1C7B
1C7C
1C7D
1CBL
1CBM
1CH4
1CLS
1CMY
1COH
1DKE
1DXT
1DXU
1DXV
1FN3
1G9V
1GBU
1GBV
1GLI
1GZX
1HAB
1HAC
1HBA
1HBB
1HBS
1HCO
1HDB
1HGA
1HGB
1HGC
1HHO
1IRD
1J3Y
1J3Z
1J40
1J41
1J7S
1J7W
1J7Y
1JY7
1K0Y
1K1K
1KD2
1LFL
1LFQ
1LFT
1LFV
1LFY
1LFZ
1LJW
1M9P
1MKO
1NEJ
1NIH
1NQP
1O1I
1O1J
1O1K
1O1L
1O1M
1O1N
1O1O
1O1P
1QI8
1QSH
1QSI
1QXD
1QXE
1R1X
1R1Y
1RPS
1RQ3
1RQ4
1RQA
1RVW
1SDK
1SDL
1THB
1UIW
1VWT
1XXT
1XY0
1XYE
1XZ2
1XZ4
1XZ5
1XZ7
1XZU
1XZV
1Y09
1Y0A
1Y0C
1Y0D
1Y0T
1Y0W
1Y22
1Y2Z
1Y31
1Y35
1Y45
1Y46
1Y4B
1Y4F
1Y4G
1Y4P
1Y4Q
1Y4R
1Y4V
1Y5F
1Y5J
1Y5K
1Y7C
1Y7D
1Y7G
1Y7Z
1Y83
1Y85
1Y8W
1YDZ
1YE0
1YE1
1YE2
1YEN
1YEO
1YEQ
1YEU
1YEV
1YFF
1YG5
1YGD
1YGF
1YH9
1YHE
1YHR
1YIE
1YIH
1YVQ
1YVT
1YZI
2D5Z
2D60
2DN1
2DN2
2DN3
2DXM
2H35
2HBC
2HBD
2HBE
2HBF
2HBS
2HCO
2HHB
2HHD
2HHE
2M6Z
2W6V
2W72
2YRS
3B75
3D17
3D7O
3DUT
3HHB
3HXN
3IC0
3IC2
3KMF
3NL7
3NMM
3ODQ
3ONZ
3OO4
3OO5
3P5Q
3QJB
3QJC
3QJD
3QJE
3R5I
3S65
3S66
3SZK
3W4U
3WCP
3WHM
4FC3
4HHB
4IJ2
4L7Y
4M4A
4M4B
4MQC
4MQG
4MQH
4MQI
4N7N
4N7O
4N7P
4N8T
4NI0
4NI1
6HBW
PDBsum 1A00
1A01
1A0U
1A0Z
1A3N
1A3O
1ABW
1ABY
1AJ9
1B86
1BAB
1BBB
1BIJ
1BUW
1BZ0
1BZ1
1BZZ
1C7B
1C7C
1C7D
1CBL
1CBM
1CH4
1CLS
1CMY
1COH
1DKE
1DXT
1DXU
1DXV
1FN3
1G9V
1GBU
1GBV
1GLI
1GZX
1HAB
1HAC
1HBA
1HBB
1HBS
1HCO
1HDB
1HGA
1HGB
1HGC
1HHO
1IRD
1J3Y
1J3Z
1J40
1J41
1J7S
1J7W
1J7Y
1JY7
1K0Y
1K1K
1KD2
1LFL
1LFQ
1LFT
1LFV
1LFY
1LFZ
1LJW
1M9P
1MKO
1NEJ
1NIH
1NQP
1O1I
1O1J
1O1K
1O1L
1O1M
1O1N
1O1O
1O1P
1QI8
1QSH
1QSI
1QXD
1QXE
1R1X
1R1Y
1RPS
1RQ3
1RQ4
1RQA
1RVW
1SDK
1SDL
1THB
1UIW
1VWT
1XXT
1XY0
1XYE
1XZ2
1XZ4
1XZ5
1XZ7
1XZU
1XZV
1Y09
1Y0A
1Y0C
1Y0D
1Y0T
1Y0W
1Y22
1Y2Z
1Y31
1Y35
1Y45
1Y46
1Y4B
1Y4F
1Y4G
1Y4P
1Y4Q
1Y4R
1Y4V
1Y5F
1Y5J
1Y5K
1Y7C
1Y7D
1Y7G
1Y7Z
1Y83
1Y85
1Y8W
1YDZ
1YE0
1YE1
1YE2
1YEN
1YEO
1YEQ
1YEU
1YEV
1YFF
1YG5
1YGD
1YGF
1YH9
1YHE
1YHR
1YIE
1YIH
1YVQ
1YVT
1YZI
2D5Z
2D60
2DN1
2DN2
2DN3
2DXM
2H35
2HBC
2HBD
2HBE
2HBF
2HBS
2HCO
2HHB
2HHD
2HHE
2M6Z
2W6V
2W72
2YRS
3B75
3D17
3D7O
3DUT
3HHB
3HXN
3IC0
3IC2
3KMF
3NL7
3NMM
3ODQ
3ONZ
3OO4
3OO5
3P5Q
3QJB
3QJC
3QJD
3QJE
3R5I
3S65
3S66
3SZK
3W4U
3WCP
3WHM
4FC3
4HHB
4IJ2
4L7Y
4M4A
4M4B
4MQC
4MQG
4MQH
4MQI
4N7N
4N7O
4N7P
4N8T
4NI0
4NI1
6HBW
ProteinModelPortal P68871
SMR P68871
BioGrid 109293
IntAct P68871
MINT MINT-5000306
ChEMBL CHEMBL2095168
DrugBank DB00893
PhosphoSite P68871
DMDM 56749856
REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE IPI00654755
P68871
SWISS-2DPAGE P68871
UCD-2DPAGE P02023
P68871
MaxQB P68871
PaxDb P68871
PeptideAtlas P68871
PRIDE P68871
DNASU 3043
Ensembl ENST00000335295
GeneID 3043
KEGG hsa:3043
UCSC uc001mae.1
CTD 3043
GeneCards GC11M005264
GeneReviews HBB
HGNC HGNC:4827
HPA CAB009526
HPA043234
MIM 140700
141900
603902
603903
613985
neXtProt NX_P68871
Orphanet 330041
231222
231214
231237
231226
178330
231242
2132
90039
231249
2133
330032
46532
251380
251359
251365
251370
251375
232
PharmGKB PA29202
eggNOG NOG269316
GeneTree ENSGT00760000119197
HOVERGEN HBG009709
InParanoid P68871
KO K13823
OMA WTRRFFE
OrthoDB EOG7B8S5H
PhylomeDB P68871
TreeFam TF333268
Reactome REACT_121329
REACT_121380
REACT_160163
REACT_24970
ChiTaRS HBB
EvolutionaryTrace P68871
GeneWiki HBB
GenomeRNAi 3043
NextBio 12048
PMAP-CutDB P68871
PRO PR:P68871
Proteomes UP000005640
Bgee P68871
ExpressionAtlas P68871
Genevestigator P68871
GO GO:0072562
GO:0005829
GO:0071682
GO:0005576
GO:0070062
GO:0031838
GO:0005833
GO:0020037
GO:0030492
GO:0005506
GO:0019825
GO:0005344
GO:0015701
GO:0007596
GO:0042744
GO:0030185
GO:0055114
GO:0015671
GO:0070527
GO:0010942
GO:0045429
GO:0051291
GO:0008217
GO:0050880
GO:0070293
GO:0042542
GO:0044281
Gene3D 1.10.490.10
InterPro IPR000971
IPR009050
IPR012292
IPR002337
Pfam PF00042
PRINTS PR00814
SUPFAM SSF46458
PROSITE PS01033

Annotations

Qualifier GO ID GO term name Reference ECO ID ECO term name with/from Aspect Extension Notes Status

Contributes to

GO:0031720

haptoglobin binding

PMID:19740759[1]

ECO:0000314

F

Fig 2 shows haemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes and how EPR signal varies compared to pure haemoglobin.

complete

GO:0031838

haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex

PMID:19740759[1]

ECO:0000314

C

Fig 2 shows haemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes and how EPR signal varies compared to pure haemoglobin.

complete

Contributes to

GO:0004601

peroxidase activity

PMID:19740759[1]

ECO:0000314

F

Fig 5 shows positive peroxidase activity of haemoglobin and of haemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes.

complete

Contributes to

GO:0042542

response to hydrogen peroxide

PMID:19740759[1]

ECO:0000314

P

Fig 3: large MW aggregates can be seen after addition of hydrogen peroxide when both haemoglobin and haptoglobin are present.

complete

part_of

GO:0005615

extracellular space

PMID:21805676[2]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0019825

oxygen binding

PMID:28066926[3]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0070062

extracellular exosome

PMID:23533145[4]

ECO:0007005

high throughput direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0070527

platelet aggregation

PMID:23382103[5]

ECO:0007001

high throughput mutant phenotypic evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0072562

blood microparticle

PMID:22516433[6]

ECO:0007005

high throughput direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0070062

extracellular exosome

PMID:19056867[7]

ECO:0007005

high throughput direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

part_of:(UBERON:0001088)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0051291

protein heterooligomerization

PMID:19740759[1]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0042744

hydrogen peroxide catabolic process

PMID:19740759[1]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0042542

response to hydrogen peroxide

PMID:19740759[1]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0031838

haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex

PMID:19740759[1]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

contributes_to

GO:0031720

haptoglobin binding

PMID:19740759[1]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0010942

positive regulation of cell death

PMID:19740759[1]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005833

hemoglobin complex

PMID:19740759[1]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

contributes_to

GO:0004601

peroxidase activity

PMID:19740759[1]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0070293

renal absorption

PMID:18465053[8]

ECO:0000315

mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0070293

renal absorption

PMID:18974585[9]

ECO:0000315

mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0045429

positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

PMID:7965120[10]

ECO:0000303

author statement without traceable support used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0030492

hemoglobin binding

PMID:1512262[11]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0030185

nitric oxide transport

PMID:8292032[12]

ECO:0000303

author statement without traceable support used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0019825

oxygen binding

PMID:11747442[13]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0015671

oxygen transport

PMID:11747442[13]

ECO:0000303

author statement without traceable support used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0015671

oxygen transport

PMID:1301199[14]

ECO:0000303

author statement without traceable support used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005833

hemoglobin complex

PMID:1301199[14]

ECO:0000303

author statement without traceable support used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005833

hemoglobin complex

PMID:10588683[15]

ECO:0000303

author statement without traceable support used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0005344

oxygen carrier activity

PMID:11747442[13]

ECO:0000303

author statement without traceable support used in manual assertion

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0005344

oxygen carrier activity

PMID:1301199[14]

ECO:0000303

author statement without traceable support used in manual assertion

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0043177

organic acid binding

PMID:21873635[16]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

PANTHER:PTN000154218
RGD:1359209

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0042744

hydrogen peroxide catabolic process

PMID:21873635[16]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

PANTHER:PTN000154218
UniProtKB:P68871
UniProtKB:P69905

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0031838

haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex

PMID:21873635[16]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

PANTHER:PTN000154218
UniProtKB:P68871
UniProtKB:P69905

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0031721

hemoglobin alpha binding

PMID:21873635[16]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

PANTHER:PTN000154350
RGD:2783

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

contributes_to

GO:0031720

haptoglobin binding

PMID:21873635[16]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

PANTHER:PTN000154218
UniProtKB:P68871
UniProtKB:P69905

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0020037

heme binding

PMID:21873635[16]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

PANTHER:PTN000154218
RGD:1359209
RGD:620306

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0019825

oxygen binding

PMID:21873635[16]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

MGI:MGI:96022
PANTHER:PTN000154218
UniProtKB:P68871
UniProtKB:Q5QRU6

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0019825

oxygen binding

PMID:21873635[16]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

MGI:MGI:96022
PANTHER:PTN000154218
RGD:1359209
RGD:2783
UniProtKB:P68871
UniProtKB:Q5QRU6

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005833

hemoglobin complex

PMID:21873635[16]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

MGI:MGI:96021
MGI:MGI:96022
PANTHER:PTN000154218
RGD:1305115
RGD:1359209
RGD:2783
RGD:620306
UniProtKB:P68871
UniProtKB:P69905

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0005344

oxygen carrier activity

PMID:21873635[16]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

MGI:MGI:96021
PANTHER:PTN000154218

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

contributes_to

GO:0004601

peroxidase activity

PMID:21873635[16]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

PANTHER:PTN000154218
UniProtKB:P68871
UniProtKB:P69905

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0098869

cellular oxidant detoxification

GO_REF:0000108

ECO:0000364

evidence based on logical inference from manual annotation used in automatic assertion

GO:0004601

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0098869

cellular oxidant detoxification

GO_REF:0000108

ECO:0000364

evidence based on logical inference from manual annotation used in automatic assertion

GO:0004601

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005833

hemoglobin complex

GO_REF:0000002

ECO:0000256

match to sequence model evidence used in automatic assertion

InterPro:IPR002337

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0015671

oxygen transport

GO_REF:0000002

ECO:0000256

match to sequence model evidence used in automatic assertion

InterPro:IPR002337

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0019825

oxygen binding

GO_REF:0000002

ECO:0000256

match to sequence model evidence used in automatic assertion

InterPro:IPR012292

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0020037

heme binding

GO_REF:0000002

ECO:0000256

match to sequence model evidence used in automatic assertion

InterPro:IPR000971
InterPro:IPR002337
InterPro:IPR012292

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0015671

oxygen transport

PMID:1540659[17]

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005833

hemoglobin complex

PMID:1540659[17]

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:1904813

ficolin-1-rich granule lumen

Reactome:R-HSA-6800434

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:1904724

tertiary granule lumen

Reactome:R-HSA-6798745

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0071682

endocytic vesicle lumen

Reactome:R-HSA-2230938

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0043312

neutrophil degranulation

Reactome:R-HSA-6798695

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0015701

bicarbonate transport

Reactome:R-HSA-1247673
Reactome:R-HSA-1237044

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion


P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0007596

blood coagulation

Reactome:R-HSA-109582

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0006898

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Reactome:R-HSA-2173782

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005829

cytosol

Reactome:R-HSA-6806831
Reactome:R-HSA-1247668
Reactome:R-HSA-1237325
Reactome:R-HSA-1008220

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion




C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005576

extracellular region

Reactome:R-HSA-6800434
Reactome:R-HSA-6798745
Reactome:R-HSA-2230938
Reactome:R-HSA-2168889
Reactome:R-HSA-2168885
Reactome:R-HSA-2168884
Reactome:R-HSA-2168883

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion







C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0005344

oxygen carrier activity

GO_REF:0000037

ECO:0000322

imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion

UniProtKB-KW:KW-0561

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050880

regulation of blood vessel size

GO_REF:0000037

ECO:0000322

imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion

UniProtKB-KW:KW-0838

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0046872

metal ion binding

GO_REF:0000037

ECO:0000322

imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion

UniProtKB-KW:KW-0479

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0015671

oxygen transport

GO_REF:0000037

ECO:0000322

imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion

UniProtKB-KW:KW-0561

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0008217

regulation of blood pressure

GO_REF:0000037

ECO:0000322

imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion

UniProtKB-KW:KW-0382

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

Notes

References

See Help:References for how to manage references in GONUTS.

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  2. Fornander, L et al. (2011) Innate immunity proteins and a new truncated form of SPLUNC1 in nasopharyngeal aspirates from infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Proteomics Clin Appl 5 513-22 PubMed GONUTS page
  3. Mañú Pereira, MD et al. (2017) Low affinity hemoglobinopathy (Hb Vigo) due to a new mutation of beta globin gene (c200 A>T; Lys>Ile). A cause of rare anemia misdiagnosis. Am. J. Hematol. 92 E38-E40 PubMed GONUTS page
  4. Principe, S et al. (2013) In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expressed prostatic secretions in urine. Proteomics 13 1667-71 PubMed GONUTS page
  5. Fröbel, J et al. (2013) Platelet proteome analysis reveals integrin-dependent aggregation defects in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Mol. Cell Proteomics 12 1272-80 PubMed GONUTS page
  6. Bastos-Amador, P et al. (2012) Proteomic analysis of microvesicles from plasma of healthy donors reveals high individual variability. J Proteomics 75 3574-84 PubMed GONUTS page
  7. Gonzales, PA et al. (2009) Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20 363-79 PubMed GONUTS page
  8. Sadeghi-Bojd, S et al. (2008) Renal tubular function in patients with beta-thalassaemia major in Zahedan, southeast Iran. Singapore Med J 49 410-2 PubMed GONUTS page
  9. Prabahar, MR et al. (2008) Renal tubular dysfunction with nephrocalcinosis in a patient with beta thalassemia minor. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 19 964-8 PubMed GONUTS page
  10. Suzuki, S et al. (1994) Hemoglobin augmentation of interleukin-1 beta-induced production of nitric oxide in smooth-muscle cells. J. Neurosurg. 81 895-901 PubMed GONUTS page
  11. Silva, MM et al. (1992) A third quaternary structure of human hemoglobin A at 1.7-A resolution. J. Biol. Chem. 267 17248-56 PubMed GONUTS page
  12. Sampath, V et al. (1994) Characterization of interactions of nitric oxide with human hemoglobin A by infrared spectroscopy. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 198 281-7 PubMed GONUTS page
  13. 13.0 13.1 13.2 Kidd, RD et al. (2001) The role of beta chains in the control of the hemoglobin oxygen binding function: chimeric human/mouse proteins, structure, and function. Biochemistry 40 15669-75 PubMed GONUTS page
  14. 14.0 14.1 14.2 Murru, S et al. (1992) A novel beta-globin structural mutant, Hb Brescia (beta 114 Leu-Pro), causing a severe beta-thalassemia intermedia phenotype. Hum. Mutat. 1 124-8 PubMed GONUTS page
  15. Durner, J et al. (1999) Ancient origins of nitric oxide signaling in biological systems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 14206-7 PubMed GONUTS page
  16. 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 Gaudet, P et al. (2011) Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Brief. Bioinformatics 12 449-62 PubMed GONUTS page
  17. 17.0 17.1 Wajcman, H et al. (1992) Structure of the EF corner favors deamidation of asparaginyl residues in hemoglobin: the example of Hb La Roche-sur-Yon [beta 81 (EF5) Leu----His]. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1138 127-32 PubMed GONUTS page