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PMID:9352926
Citation |
Nakano, MM, Dailly, YP, Zuber, P and Clark, DP (1997) Characterization of anaerobic fermentative growth of Bacillus subtilis: identification of fermentation end products and genes required for growth. J. Bacteriol. 179:6749-55 |
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Abstract |
Bacillus subtilis can grow anaerobically by respiration with nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor. In the absence of external electron acceptors, it grows by fermentation. Identification of fermentation products by using in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance scans of whole cultures indicated that B. subtilis grows by mixed acid-butanediol fermentation but that no formate is produced. An ace mutant that lacks pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity was unable to grow anaerobically and produced hardly any fermentation product. These results suggest that PDH is involved in most or all acetyl coenzyme A production in B. subtilis under anaerobic conditions, unlike Escherichia coli, which uses pyruvate formate lyase. Nitrate respiration was previously shown to require the ResDE two-component signal transduction system and an anaerobic gene regulator, FNR. Also required are respiratory nitrate reductase, encoded by the narGHJI operon, and moaA, involved in biosynthesis of a molybdopterin cofactor of nitrate reductase. The resD and resDE mutations were shown to moderately affect fermentation, but nitrate reductase activity and fnr are dispensable for fermentative growth. A search for genes involved in fermentation indicated that ftsH is required, and is also needed to a lesser extent for nitrate respiration. These results show that nitrate respiration and fermentation of B. subtilis are governed by divergent regulatory pathways. |
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Keywords |
ATP-Dependent Proteases; Acetates/analysis; Amino Acids/metabolism; Anaerobiosis; Bacillus subtilis/genetics; Bacillus subtilis/growth & development; Bacillus subtilis/metabolism; Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Electron Transport; Escherichia coli Proteins; Ethanol/analysis; Fermentation; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glucose/metabolism; Lactates/analysis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Membrane Proteins/genetics; Mutation; Nitrate Reductase; Nitrate Reductases/genetics; Nitrates/metabolism; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism |
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Significance
Annotations
Gene product | Qualifier | GO Term | Evidence Code | with/from | Aspect | Extension | Notes | Status |
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GO:0006113: fermentation |
ECO:0000315: |
P |
Figure 5B: Mutant strains of ftsH did not grow anaerobically by fermentation. |
complete | ||||
GO:0019332: aerobic respiration, using nitrite as electron donor |
ECO:0000315: |
P |
Figure 4B. Mutant strains of ftsH did not grow anaerobically by nitrate respiration. |
complete | ||||
See also
References
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