PMID:20709814

Citation	Li, Y, Shen, Y, Cai, C, Zhong, C, Zhu, L, Yuan, M and Ren, H (2010) The type II Arabidopsis formin14 interacts with microtubules and microfilaments to regulate cell division. Plant Cell 22:2710-26
Abstract	Formins have long been known to regulate microfilaments but have also recently been shown to associate with microtubules. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana FORMIN14 (AFH14), a type II formin, was found to regulate both microtubule and microfilament arrays. AFH14 expressed in BY-2 cells was shown to decorate preprophase bands, spindles, and phragmoplasts and to induce coalignment of microtubules with microfilaments. These effects perturbed the process of cell division. Localization of AFH14 to microtubule-based structures was confirmed in Arabidopsis suspension cells. Knockdown of AFH14 in mitotic cells altered interactions between microtubules and microfilaments, resulting in the formation of an abnormal mitotic apparatus. In Arabidopsis afh14 T-DNA insertion mutants, microtubule arrays displayed abnormalities during the meiosis-associated process of microspore formation, which corresponded to altered phenotypes during tetrad formation. In vitro biochemical experiments showed that AFH14 bound directly to either microtubules or microfilaments and that the FH2 domain was essential for cytoskeleton binding and bundling. However, in the presence of both microtubules and microfilaments, AFH14 promoted interactions between microtubules and microfilaments. These results demonstrate that AFH14 is a unique plant formin that functions as a linking protein between microtubules and microfilaments and thus plays important roles in the process of plant cell division.
Links	PubMed PMC2947165 Online version:10.1105/tpc.110.075507
Keywords	Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism; Arabidopsis/cytology; Arabidopsis/genetics; Arabidopsis/metabolism; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism; Cell Division; Cloning, Molecular; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Microfilament Proteins/genetics; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism; Microtubules/metabolism; Mutagenesis, Insertional
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
ARATH:FH14	enables	GO:0051015: actin filament binding	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:FH14	enables	GO:0008017: microtubule binding	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:FH14	part_of	GO:0005819: spindle	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:FH14	part_of	GO:0009524: phragmoplast	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:FH14	part_of	GO:0009574: preprophase band	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:FH14	involved_in	GO:0009556: microsporogenesis	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete

References

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