PMID:18394996

Citation	Tao, Y, Ferrer, JL, Ljung, K, Pojer, F, Hong, F, Long, JA, Li, L, Moreno, JE, Bowman, ME, Ivans, LJ, Cheng, Y, Lim, J, Zhao, Y, Ballaré, CL, Sandberg, G, Noel, JP and Chory, J (2008) Rapid synthesis of auxin via a new tryptophan-dependent pathway is required for shade avoidance in plants. Cell 133:164-76
Abstract	Plants grown at high densities perceive a decrease in the red to far-red (R:FR) ratio of incoming light, resulting from absorption of red light by canopy leaves and reflection of far-red light from neighboring plants. These changes in light quality trigger a series of responses known collectively as the shade avoidance syndrome. During shade avoidance, stems elongate at the expense of leaf and storage organ expansion, branching is inhibited, and flowering is accelerated. We identified several loci in Arabidopsis, mutations in which lead to plants defective in multiple shade avoidance responses. Here we describe TAA1, an aminotransferase, and show that TAA1 catalyzes the formation of indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) from L-tryptophan (L-Trp), the first step in a previously proposed, but uncharacterized, auxin biosynthetic pathway. This pathway is rapidly deployed to synthesize auxin at the high levels required to initiate the multiple changes in body plan associated with shade avoidance.
Links	PubMed PMC2442466 Online version:10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.049
Keywords	Amino Acid Sequence; Arabidopsis/genetics; Arabidopsis/physiology; Biosynthetic Pathways; Darkness; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism; Molecular Sequence Data; Plant Leaves/metabolism; Sequence Alignment; Tryptophan/biosynthesis; Tryptophan/metabolism; Tryptophan Transaminase/chemistry; Tryptophan Transaminase/genetics; Tryptophan Transaminase/metabolism
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
ARATH:TAA1	enables	GO:0030170: pyridoxal phosphate binding	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:TAA1	enables	GO:0004021: L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:TAA1	located_in	GO:0005737: cytoplasm	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:TAA1	enables	GO:0004838: L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:TAA1	enables	GO:0047312: L-phenylalanine:pyruvate aminotransferase activity	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:TAA1	enables	GO:0050048: L-leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:TAA1	enables	GO:0050362: L-tryptophan:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:TAA1	enables	GO:0080097: L-tryptophan:pyruvate aminotransferase activity	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:TAA1	enables	GO:0080098: L-tyrosine:pyruvate aminotransferase activity	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:TAA1	enables	GO:0080099: L-methionine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:TAA1	enables	GO:0080100: L-glutamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:TAA1	enables	GO:0080130: L-phenylalanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:TAA1	acts_upstream_of_or_within	GO:0048366: leaf development	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:TAA1	acts_upstream_of_or_within	GO:0009641: shade avoidance	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:TAA1	acts_upstream_of_or_within	GO:0009684: indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete

References

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