PMID:17239842

Citation	Vonica, A and Brivanlou, AH (2007) The left-right axis is regulated by the interplay of Coco, Xnr1 and derrière in Xenopus embryos. Dev. Biol. 303:281-94
Abstract	Formation of the left-right axis involves a symmetry-breaking signal originating in the node or its equivalents, which increases TGF-beta signaling on the left side of the embryo and ultimately leads to asymmetric patterning of the viscera. DAN domain proteins are extracellular inhibitors of TGF-beta ligands, and are involved in regulating the left-right axis in chick, mouse and zebrafish. We find that Coco, a Xenopus DAN family member, and two TGF-beta ligands, Xnr1 and derrière, are coexpressed in the posterior paraxial mesoderm at neurula stage. Side-specific protein depletion demonstrated that left-right patterning requires Coco exclusively on the right side, and Xnr1 and derrière exclusively on the left, despite their bilateral expression pattern. In the absence of Coco, the TGF-beta signal is bilateral. Interactions among the three proteins show that derrière is required for normal levels of Xnr1 expression, while Coco directly inhibits both ligands. We conclude that derrière, Xnr1, and Coco define a posttranscriptionally regulated signaling center, which is a necessary link in the signaling chain leading to an increased TGF-beta signal on the left side of the embryo.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.09.039
Keywords	Animals; Blotting, Western; Body Patterning/physiology; DNA Primers; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Immunohistochemistry; Immunoprecipitation; In Situ Hybridization; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism; Oligonucleotides; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Signal Transduction/genetics; Signal Transduction/physiology; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism; Xenopus/embryology; Xenopus Proteins/metabolism
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
XENLA:DAND5	involved_in	GO:0048339: paraxial mesoderm development	ECO:0000270: expression pattern evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
XENLA:DAND5	enables	GO:0016015: morphogen activity	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
XENLA:DAND5	involved_in	GO:1900146: negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
XENLA:DAND5	involved_in	GO:0070986: left/right axis specification	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
XENLA:DAND5	enables	GO:0005515: protein binding	ECO:0000353: physical interaction evidence used in manual assertion	UniProtKB:Q91619	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
XENLA:DAND5	enables	GO:0005515: protein binding	ECO:0000353: physical interaction evidence used in manual assertion	UniProtKB:Q9YGV1	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
XENLA:NODAL	involved_in	GO:0048339: paraxial mesoderm development	ECO:0000270: expression pattern evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
XENLA:NODAL	enables	GO:0016015: morphogen activity	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
XENLA:NODAL	enables	GO:0005515: protein binding	ECO:0000353: physical interaction evidence used in manual assertion	UniProtKB:Q800X4	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
XENLA:GDF3	involved_in	GO:0048339: paraxial mesoderm development	ECO:0000270: expression pattern evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
XENLA:GDF3	involved_in	GO:1900224: positive regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
XENLA:GDF3	involved_in	GO:0070986: left/right axis specification	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
XENLA:GDF3	enables	GO:0005515: protein binding	ECO:0000353: physical interaction evidence used in manual assertion	UniProtKB:Q800X4	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
HUMAN:SMAD2	involved_in	GO:1900224: positive regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete

References

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