PMID:16135223

Citation	Cho, KH and Caparon, MG (2005) Patterns of virulence gene expression differ between biofilm and tissue communities of Streptococcus pyogenes. Mol. Microbiol. 57:1545-56
Abstract	The ability of Streptococcus pyogenes to form biofilm-like bacterial communities during infection of soft tissue has suggested that the capacity to produce biofilm may be important for pathogenesis. To examine this relationship, a panel of mutants was evaluated for their ability to form biofilm on abiotic surfaces in several assays. Several established virulence factors were crucial for biofilm formation, including the M protein, required for initial cell-surface interactions, and the hyaluronic acid capsule, required for subsequent maturation into a three-dimensional structure. Mutants lacking the transcription regulators Mga and CovR (CsrR) also failed to form biofilm. Comparison of transcriptional profiles revealed differential regulation of approximately 25% of the genome upon adaptation to biofilm. During infection of zebrafish, several virulence factors (notably cysteine protease and streptokinase) were regulated in a biofilm-like manner. However, the overall profile of virulence factor expression indicated that tissue communities have a pattern of gene expression different from biofilm. Taken together, these data show that while biofilm and tissue communities have many characteristics in common, that biofilm reproduces only a subset of the myriad cues used by tissue communities for regulation of virulence.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04786.x
Keywords	Animals; Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism; Biofilms/growth & development; Disease Models, Animal; Ecosystem; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Mutation; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Soft Tissue Infections/microbiology; Soft Tissue Infections/physiopathology; Streptococcal Infections/microbiology; Streptococcal Infections/physiopathology; Streptococcus pyogenes/genetics; Streptococcus pyogenes/growth & development; Streptococcus pyogenes/pathogenicity; Transcription, Genetic; Virulence; Zebrafish
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
STRPY:HASA		GO:0090609: single-species submerged biofilm formation	ECO:0000315:		P		Figure 5. shows that HasA mutants were unable to form biofilm.	complete CACAO 5246
STRPY:HASA	involved_in	GO:0090609: single-species submerged biofilm formation	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete

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