PMID:15215251

Citation	Jia, H, Bagherzadeh, A, Bicknell, R, Duchen, MR, Liu, D and Zachary, I (2004) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D and VEGF-A differentially regulate KDR-mediated signaling and biological function in vascular endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 279:36148-57
Abstract	Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D binds to VEGF receptors (VEGFR) VEGFR2/KDR and VEGFR3/Flt4, but the signaling mechanisms mediating its biological activities in endothelial cells are poorly understood. Here we investigated the mechanism of action of VEGF-D, and we compared the signaling pathways and biological responses induced by VEGF-D and VEGF-A in endothelial cells. VEGF-D induced KDR and phospholipase C-gamma tyrosine phosphorylation more slowly and less effectively than VEGF-A at early times but had a more sustained effect and was as effective as VEGF-A after 60 min. VEGF-D activated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 with similar efficacy but slower kinetics compared with VEGF-A, and this effect was blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. In contrast to VEGF-A, VEGF-D weakly stimulated prostacyclin production and gene expression, had little effect on cell proliferation, and stimulated a smaller and more transient increase in intracellular [Ca(2+)]. VEGF-D induced strong but more transient phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated Akt activation and increased PI3K-dependent endothelial nitric-oxide synthase phosphorylation and cell survival more weakly. VEGF-D stimulated chemotaxis via a PI3K/Akt- and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase-dependent pathway, enhanced protein kinase C- and PI3K-dependent endothelial tubulogenesis, and stimulated angiogenesis in a mouse sponge implant model less effectively than VEGF-A. VEGF-D-induced signaling and biological effects were blocked by the KDR inhibitor SU5614. The finding that differential KDR activation by VEGF-A and VEGF-D has distinct consequences for endothelial signaling and function has important implications for understanding how multiple ligands for the same VEGF receptors can generate ligand-specific biological responses.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1074/jbc.M401538200
Keywords	Animals; Endothelium, Vascular/physiology; Humans; Indoles/pharmacology; Mice; Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology; Signal Transduction/physiology; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/pharmacology; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/physiology; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D/pharmacology; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D/physiology; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/agonists; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/antagonists & inhibitors; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/physiology
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
HUMAN:VGFR2	involved_in	GO:0070374: positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
HUMAN:VGFR2	involved_in	GO:0048010: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
HUMAN:VGFR2	involved_in	GO:0045766: positive regulation of angiogenesis	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
HUMAN:VGFR2	involved_in	GO:0043066: negative regulation of apoptotic process	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
HUMAN:VGFR2	involved_in	GO:0035924: cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
HUMAN:VGFR2	involved_in	GO:0035584: calcium-mediated signaling using intracellular calcium source	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
HUMAN:VGFR2	involved_in	GO:0030335: positive regulation of cell migration	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
HUMAN:VGFR2	involved_in	GO:0008284: positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
HUMAN:VGFR2	enables	GO:0005021: vascular endothelial growth factor-activated receptor activity	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete

References

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