PMID:12032866

Citation	Chieffi, P, Battista, S, Barchi, M, Di Agostino, S, Pierantoni, GM, Fedele, M, Chiariotti, L, Tramontano, D and Fusco, A (2002) HMGA1 and HMGA2 protein expression in mouse spermatogenesis. Oncogene 21:3644-50
Abstract	The high-mobility group A (HMGA) nonhistone chromosomal proteins HMGA1 and HMGA2 play a role in determining chromatin structure and in regulating the transcription of several genes. High levels of these proteins are characteristic of rapidly dividing cells in embryonic tissue and in tumors. The aim of this study was to determine the role of HMGA1 and HMGA2 throughout mouse spermatogenesis. Northern blot analysis and immunocytochemistry showed HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression during the progression from spermatocyte to spermatid. Interestingly, Western blot analysis with antibodies against the HMGA1 gene product revealed only the HMG1c isoform (27 kDa) in the testis; HMGA1a and HMGA1b were undetectable. These three isoforms are encoded by the HMGA1 gene through alternative splicing. Finally, few spermatids and complete absence of spermatozoa were observed in the testes of HMGA2-null mice, which suggests that the HMGA2 gene plays a critical role in male fertility.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1038/sj.onc.1205501
Keywords	Animals; HMGA Proteins/genetics; HMGA Proteins/immunology; HMGA Proteins/metabolism; HMGA2 Protein/genetics; HMGA2 Protein/immunology; HMGA2 Protein/metabolism; Immunohistochemistry; Kinetics; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis; Spermatogenesis; Testis/metabolism; Transcription, Genetic
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
MOUSE:HMGA1	located_in	GO:0005634: nucleus	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
MOUSE:HMGA1	located_in	GO:0001673: male germ cell nucleus	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
MOUSE:HMGA2	located_in	GO:0005634: nucleus	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
MOUSE:HMGA2	located_in	GO:0001673: male germ cell nucleus	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
MOUSE:HMGA2	involved_in	GO:0007283: spermatogenesis	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion	MGI:MGI:2386412	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete

References

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