PMID:10952301

Citation	Heidelberg, JF, Eisen, JA, Nelson, WC, Clayton, RA, Gwinn, ML, Dodson, RJ, Haft, DH, Hickey, EK, Peterson, JD, Umayam, L, Gill, SR, Nelson, KE, Read, TD, Tettelin, H, Richardson, D, Ermolaeva, MD, Vamathevan, J, Bass, S, Qin, H, Dragoi, I, Sellers, P, McDonald, L, Utterback, T, Fleishmann, RD, Nierman, WC, White, O, Salzberg, SL, Smith, HO, Colwell, RR, Mekalanos, JJ, Venter, JC and Fraser, CM (2000) DNA sequence of both chromosomes of the cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae. Nature 406:477-83
Abstract	Here we determine the complete genomic sequence of the gram negative, gamma-Proteobacterium Vibrio cholerae El Tor N16961 to be 4,033,460 base pairs (bp). The genome consists of two circular chromosomes of 2,961,146 bp and 1,072,314 bp that together encode 3,885 open reading frames. The vast majority of recognizable genes for essential cell functions (such as DNA replication, transcription, translation and cell-wall biosynthesis) and pathogenicity (for example, toxins, surface antigens and adhesins) are located on the large chromosome. In contrast, the small chromosome contains a larger fraction (59%) of hypothetical genes compared with the large chromosome (42%), and also contains many more genes that appear to have origins other than the gamma-Proteobacteria. The small chromosome also carries a gene capture system (the integron island) and host 'addiction' genes that are typically found on plasmids; thus, the small chromosome may have originally been a megaplasmid that was captured by an ancestral Vibrio species. The V. cholerae genomic sequence provides a starting point for understanding how a free-living, environmental organism emerged to become a significant human bacterial pathogen.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1038/35020000
Keywords	Base Sequence; Biological Transport; Cholera/microbiology; Chromosomes, Bacterial; DNA Repair; DNA, Bacterial; Energy Metabolism; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vibrio cholerae/classification; Vibrio cholerae/genetics; Vibrio cholerae/pathogenicity
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
VIBCH:LUXO	enables	GO:0000156: phosphorelay response regulator activity	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:LUXO	involved_in	GO:0000160: phosphorelay signal transduction system	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:LUXO	enables	GO:0003700: DNA-binding transcription factor activity	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:LUXO	involved_in	GO:0006355: regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:Q9KLE3	enables	GO:0008233: peptidase activity	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:Q9KLE3	involved_in	GO:0006508: proteolysis	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:Q9KSQ6	involved_in	GO:0006508: proteolysis	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:Q9KRJ1	involved_in	GO:0006508: proteolysis	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:Q9KRJ1	enables	GO:0008233: peptidase activity	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:HLYU	enables	GO:0003700: DNA-binding transcription factor activity	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:HLYU	involved_in	GO:0006355: regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:CQSA	enables	GO:0008483: transaminase activity	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:TCPP	involved_in	GO:0009297: pilus assembly	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:TCPP	involved_in	GO:0009405: pathogenesis	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:TOXS	involved_in	GO:0007165: signal transduction	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:TOXR	involved_in	GO:0006355: regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:TOXR	involved_in	GO:0009405: pathogenesis	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:FADR	enables	GO:0003700: DNA-binding transcription factor activity	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:FADR	involved_in	GO:0006355: regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:FADR	involved_in	GO:0019217: regulation of fatty acid metabolic process	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:GSPL	involved_in	GO:0009306: protein secretion	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:PPK	involved_in	GO:0006793: phosphorus metabolic process	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:PPK	enables	GO:0008976: polyphosphate kinase activity	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:PPK	part_of	GO:0009358: polyphosphate kinase complex	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:Q9KS12	involved_in	GO:0019836: hemolysis by symbiont of host erythrocytes	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion	NCBI_gi:4455065	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
VIBCH:Q9KS12	involved_in	GO:0031640: killing of cells of other organism	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion	NCBI_gi:4455065	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
VIBCH:Q9KS12	involved_in	GO:0009405: pathogenesis	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion	NCBI_gi:4455065	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
VIBCH:Q9KS12	enables	GO:0005509: calcium ion binding	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion	NCBI_gi:4455065	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
VIBCH:TCPB	involved_in	GO:0009297: pilus assembly	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from
VIBCH:TCPB	involved_in	GO:0009405: pathogenesis	ECO:0000250: sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	Missing: with/from

References

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