HUMAN:TERT

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Species (Taxon ID)	Homo sapiens (Human). (taxon:9606)
Gene Name(s)	TERT ( synonyms: EST2, TCS1, TRT )
Protein Name(s)	Telomerase reverse transcriptase HEST2 Telomerase catalytic subunit Telomerase-associated protein 2 TP2
External Links
UniProt Identifier	TERT_HUMAN
UniProt Accessions	O14746, O14783, Q2XS35, Q8N6C3, Q8NG46,
EMBL	AF018167, AF015950, AF128894, AF128893, AB085628, AB086379, AY007685, DQ264729,
PIR	T03844,
RefSeq	NP_001180305.1, NP_937983.2,
PDB	2BCK,
IntAct	O14746,
Ensembl	ENST00000310581,
Pfam	PF00078, PF12009,

Annotations

Qualifier	GO ID	GO term name	Reference	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Notes	Status
	GO:0000723	telomere maintenance	PMID:12135483^[1]	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		P
	GO:0000723	telomere maintenance	Reactome:REACT_7970	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		P
	GO:0000781	chromosome, telomeric region	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0779	C
	GO:0000781	chromosome, telomeric region	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0276	C
	GO:0000781	chromosome, telomeric region	PMID:12135483^[1]	IC: Inferred by Curator	GO:0003720	C
	GO:0000783	nuclear telomere cap complex	PMID:15632080^[2]	IC: Inferred by Curator	GO:0003721	C
	GO:0003677	DNA binding	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR003545	F
	GO:0003677	DNA binding	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0238	F
	GO:0003720	telomerase activity	PMID:12135483^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0003720	telomerase activity	PMID:15189140^[3]	EXP: Inferred from Experiment		F
	GO:0003720	telomerase activity	PMID:16043710^[4]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0003721	telomeric template RNA reverse transcriptase activity	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR003545	F
	GO:0003721	telomeric template RNA reverse transcriptase activity	PMID:14991929^[5]	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		F
	GO:0003721	telomeric template RNA reverse transcriptase activity	PMID:15632080^[2]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0003723	RNA binding	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR000477	F
	GO:0003964	RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR000477	F
	GO:0003964	RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR021891	F
	GO:0003964	RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	GO_REF:0000003	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	EC:2.7.7.49	F
	GO:0003964	RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0695	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:12699629^[6]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q86US8	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:12699629^[6]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q9UPR3	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:15381700^[7]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q96BK5	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:17237767^[8]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q96AP0	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:18358808^[9]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q9Y265	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:19567472^[10]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:P29590	F
	GO:0005634	nucleus	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR003545	C
	GO:0005634	nucleus	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0539	C
	GO:0005634	nucleus	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0191	C
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0190	C
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	PMID:15060173^[11]	EXP: Inferred from Experiment		C
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	PMID:15189140^[3]	EXP: Inferred from Experiment		C
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	PMID:19567472^[10]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	Reactome:REACT_7997	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		C
	GO:0005694	chromosome	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0158	C
	GO:0005697	telomerase holoenzyme complex	PMID:12135483^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005730	nucleolus	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0188	C
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0963	C
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0086	C
	GO:0006278	RNA-dependent DNA replication	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR000477	P
	GO:0006916	anti-apoptosis	PMID:10449030^[12]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0007004	telomere maintenance via telomerase	PMID:12135483^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0007004	telomere maintenance via telomerase	PMID:15189140^[3]	EXP: Inferred from Experiment		P
	GO:0007004	telomere maintenance via telomerase	PMID:16043710^[4]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0007004	telomere maintenance via telomerase	PMID:9454332^[13]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0007004	telomere maintenance via telomerase	Reactome:REACT_7974	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		P
	GO:0016605	PML body	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0465	C
	GO:0016740	transferase activity	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0808	F
	GO:0016779	nucleotidyltransferase activity	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0548	F
	GO:0022616	DNA strand elongation	PMID:16043710^[4]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0030529	ribonucleoprotein complex	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0687	C
	GO:0032203	telomere formation via telomerase	PMID:16043710^[4]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0042162	telomeric DNA binding	PMID:9288757^[14]	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		F
	GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity	PMID:11432839^[15]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0070034	telomeric RNA binding	PMID:11432839^[15]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0090399	replicative senescence	PMID:9454332^[13]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0016605	PML body	PMID:19567472^[10]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0000723	telomere maintenance	PMID:12135483^[1]	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		P
	GO:0000723	telomere maintenance	Reactome:REACT_7970	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		P
	GO:0000781	chromosome, telomeric region	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0779	C
	GO:0000781	chromosome, telomeric region	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0276	C
	GO:0000781	chromosome, telomeric region	PMID:12135483^[1]	IC: Inferred by Curator	GO:0003720	C
	GO:0000783	nuclear telomere cap complex	PMID:15632080^[2]	IC: Inferred by Curator	GO:0003721	C
	GO:0003677	DNA binding	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR003545	F
	GO:0003677	DNA binding	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0238	F
	GO:0003720	telomerase activity	PMID:12135483^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0003720	telomerase activity	PMID:16043710^[4]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0003721	telomeric template RNA reverse transcriptase activity	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR003545	F
	GO:0003721	telomeric template RNA reverse transcriptase activity	PMID:14991929^[5]	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		F
	GO:0003721	telomeric template RNA reverse transcriptase activity	PMID:15632080^[2]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0003723	RNA binding	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR000477	F
	GO:0003964	RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR000477	F
	GO:0003964	RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR021891	F
	GO:0003964	RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	GO_REF:0000003	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	EC:2.7.7.49	F
	GO:0003964	RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0695	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:12699629^[6]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q86US8	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:12699629^[6]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q9UPR3	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:15381700^[7]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q96BK5	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:17237767^[8]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q96AP0	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:18358808^[9]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q9Y265	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:19567472^[10]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:P29590	F
	GO:0005634	nucleus	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR003545	C
	GO:0005634	nucleus	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0539	C
	GO:0005634	nucleus	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSRNOP00000022683	C
	GO:0005634	nucleus	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0191	C
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0190	C
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	PMID:19567472^[10]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	Reactome:REACT_7957	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		C
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	Reactome:REACT_7960	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		C
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	Reactome:REACT_7968	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		C
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	Reactome:REACT_7985	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		C
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	Reactome:REACT_7996	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		C
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	Reactome:REACT_7997	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		C
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	Reactome:REACT_8019	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		C
	GO:0005694	chromosome	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0158	C
	GO:0005697	telomerase holoenzyme complex	PMID:12135483^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005730	nucleolus	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0188	C
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0963	C
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSRNOP00000022683	C
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0086	C
	GO:0006278	RNA-dependent DNA replication	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR000477	P
	GO:0006916	anti-apoptosis	PMID:10449030^[12]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0007004	telomere maintenance via telomerase	PMID:9454332^[13]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0007004	telomere maintenance via telomerase	Reactome:REACT_7974	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		P
	GO:0016605	PML body	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0465	C
	GO:0016740	transferase activity	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0808	F
	GO:0016779	nucleotidyltransferase activity	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0548	F
	GO:0022616	DNA strand elongation	PMID:16043710^[4]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0030529	ribonucleoprotein complex	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0687	C
	GO:0032203	telomere formation via telomerase	PMID:16043710^[4]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0042162	telomeric DNA binding	PMID:9288757^[14]	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		F
	GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity	PMID:11432839^[15]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0070034	telomeric RNA binding	PMID:11432839^[15]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0090399	replicative senescence	PMID:9454332^[13]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
colocalizes_with	GO:0016605	PML body	PMID:19567472^[10]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005697	telomerase holoenzyme complex	PMID:22472071^[16]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C	Figure 5 demonstrate that hTERT and GRP78 has the ability to prolong life cycle of chondrocytes and cause regeneration of the cartilage.	complete
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Notes

References

See Help:References for how to manage references in GONUTS.

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 ^1.8 Chang JT et al. (2002) Differential regulation of telomerase activity by six telomerase subunits. Eur J Biochem 269: 3442-50 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Kelleher C et al. (2005) Human protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) is a negative regulator of telomerase activity in vitro. Mol Cell Biol 25: 808-18 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Smogorzewska A & de Lange T (2004) Regulation of telomerase by telomeric proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 73: 177-208 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 Zaug AJ et al. (2005) Human POT1 disrupts telomeric G-quadruplexes allowing telomerase extension in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102: 10864-9 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Chen CJ et al. (2004) Modulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 10: 638-42 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Snow BE et al. (2003) Functional conservation of the telomerase protein Est1p in humans. Curr Biol 13: 698-704 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Banik SS & Counter CM (2004) Characterization of interactions between PinX1 and human telomerase subunits hTERT and hTR. J Biol Chem 279: 51745-8 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Xin H et al. (2007) TPP1 is a homologue of ciliate TEBP-beta and interacts with POT1 to recruit telomerase. Nature 445: 559-62 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Venteicher AS et al. (2008) Identification of ATPases pontin and reptin as telomerase components essential for holoenzyme assembly. Cell 132: 945-57 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 ^10.5 Oh W et al. (2009) PML-IV functions as a negative regulator of telomerase by interacting with TERT. J Cell Sci 122: 2613-22 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Armbruster BN et al. (2004) Rescue of an hTERT mutant defective in telomere elongation by fusion with hPot1. Mol Cell Biol 24: 3552-61 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 Holt SE et al. (1999) Resistance to apoptosis in human cells conferred by telomerase function and telomere stability. Mol Carcinog 25: 241-8 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 ^13.3 Bodnar AG et al. (1998) Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science 279: 349-52 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 Meyerson M et al. (1997) hEST2, the putative human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, is up-regulated in tumor cells and during immortalization. Cell 90: 785-95 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 Wenz C et al. (2001) Human telomerase contains two cooperating telomerase RNA molecules. EMBO J 20: 3526-34 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Sato M et al. (2012) Human telomerase reverse transcriptase and glucose-regulated protein 78 increase the life span of articular chondrocytes and their repair potential. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 13: 51 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:12135483-0] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 ^1.8 Chang JT et al. (2002) Differential regulation of telomerase activity by six telomerase subunits. Eur J Biochem 269: 3442-50 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:15632080-1] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Kelleher C et al. (2005) Human protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) is a negative regulator of telomerase activity in vitro. Mol Cell Biol 25: 808-18 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:15189140-2] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Smogorzewska A & de Lange T (2004) Regulation of telomerase by telomeric proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 73: 177-208 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:16043710-3] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 Zaug AJ et al. (2005) Human POT1 disrupts telomeric G-quadruplexes allowing telomerase extension in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102: 10864-9 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:14991929-4] 5.0 ^5.1 Chen CJ et al. (2004) Modulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 10: 638-42 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:12699629-5] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Snow BE et al. (2003) Functional conservation of the telomerase protein Est1p in humans. Curr Biol 13: 698-704 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:15381700-6] 7.0 ^7.1 Banik SS & Counter CM (2004) Characterization of interactions between PinX1 and human telomerase subunits hTERT and hTR. J Biol Chem 279: 51745-8 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:17237767-7] 8.0 ^8.1 Xin H et al. (2007) TPP1 is a homologue of ciliate TEBP-beta and interacts with POT1 to recruit telomerase. Nature 445: 559-62 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:18358808-8] 9.0 ^9.1 Venteicher AS et al. (2008) Identification of ATPases pontin and reptin as telomerase components essential for holoenzyme assembly. Cell 132: 945-57 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:19567472-9] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 ^10.5 Oh W et al. (2009) PML-IV functions as a negative regulator of telomerase by interacting with TERT. J Cell Sci 122: 2613-22 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:15060173-10] Armbruster BN et al. (2004) Rescue of an hTERT mutant defective in telomere elongation by fusion with hPot1. Mol Cell Biol 24: 3552-61 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:10449030-11] 12.0 ^12.1 Holt SE et al. (1999) Resistance to apoptosis in human cells conferred by telomerase function and telomere stability. Mol Carcinog 25: 241-8 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:9454332-12] 13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 ^13.3 Bodnar AG et al. (1998) Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science 279: 349-52 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:9288757-13] 14.0 ^14.1 Meyerson M et al. (1997) hEST2, the putative human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, is up-regulated in tumor cells and during immortalization. Cell 90: 785-95 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:11432839-14] 15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 Wenz C et al. (2001) Human telomerase contains two cooperating telomerase RNA molecules. EMBO J 20: 3526-34 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:22472071-15] Sato M et al. (2012) Human telomerase reverse transcriptase and glucose-regulated protein 78 increase the life span of articular chondrocytes and their repair potential. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 13: 51 PubMed GONUTS page

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HUMAN:TERT

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