HUMAN:SYUA

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Species (Taxon ID)	Homo sapiens (Human). (taxon:9606)
Gene Name(s)	SNCA ( synonyms: NACP, PARK1 )
Protein Name(s)	Alpha-synuclein Non-A beta component of AD amyloid Non-A4 component of amyloid precursor NACP
External Links
UniProt Identifier	SYUA_HUMAN
UniProt Accessions	P37840, A8K2A4, Q13701, Q4JHI3, Q6IAU6,
EMBL	L08850, L36674, L36675, D31839, U46901, U46897, U46898, U46899, AF163864, AF163864, AY049786, AK290169, CR457058, DQ088379, CH471057, BC013293, BC108275,
PIR	A49669, S56746,
RefSeq	NP_000336.1, NP_001139526.1, NP_001139527.1, NP_009292.1,
PDB	1XQ8, 2JN5, 2KKW, 2X6M, 3Q25, 3Q26, 3Q27, 3Q28, 3Q29,
IntAct	P37840,
Ensembl	ENST00000336904, ENST00000394986, ENST00000394991,
Pfam	PF01387,

Annotations

Qualifier	GO ID	GO term name	Reference	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Notes	Status
	GO:0015629	actin cytoskeleton		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0030424	axon		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0005938	cell cortex		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0005829	cytosol		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0043205	fibril		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0030426	growth cone		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0005634	nucleus		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0005886	plasma membrane		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0043014	alpha-tubulin binding		IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0005509	calcium ion binding		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0043027	caspase inhibitor activity		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0045502	dynein binding		IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0008198	ferrous iron binding		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0042393	histone binding		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0030544	Hsp70 protein binding		IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0019894	kinesin binding		IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0000287	magnesium ion binding		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0043274	phospholipase binding		IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0048156	tau protein binding		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0008270	zinc ion binding		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0006916	anti-apoptosis		IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0008219	cell death		IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation		P	Source: UniProtKB-KW
	GO:0043154	negative regulation of caspase activity		IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0051585	negative regulation of dopamine uptake		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0045920	negative regulation of exocytosis		IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0035067	negative regulation of histone acetylation		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0032769	negative regulation of monooxygenase activity		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: BHF-UCL
	GO:0051622	negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0010642	negative regulation of platelet-derived gro...		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0051612	negative regulation of serotonin uptake		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0070495	negative regulation of thrombin receptor si...		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0032410	negative regulation of transporter activity		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0045807	positive regulation of endocytosis		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0060732	positive regulation of inositol phosphate b...		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0001921	positive regulation of receptor recycling		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0051281	positive regulation of release of sequester...		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0031623	receptor internalization		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0010517	regulation of phospholipase activity		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0034341	response to interferon-gamma		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0070555	response to interleukin-1		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0010040	response to iron(II) ion		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0032496	response to lipopolysaccharide		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0032026	response to magnesium ion		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0048488	synaptic vesicle endocytosis		ISS: Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0001934	positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	PMID:21127069^[1]	EXP: Inferred from Experiment		P	Fig 4a and 4b show that levels of phosphorylated tau were higher in the brains of alpha-synuclein +/+ genotype compared to the alpha-synuclein -/- genotype. Also, a western blot of brain samples using pS262 polyclonal anitbody specific for phosphorylated tau produced a band 3.2 times less intense in alpha-synuclein -/- gentoypes compared to alpha-synuclein +/+ genotypes.	complete
	GO:0045860	positive regulation of protein kinase activity	PMID:21127069^[1]	EXP: Inferred from Experiment		P	Fig 5b shows the relative phosphorylation of recombinant human tau by recombinant protein kinase A. The phosphorylation of tau at Ser262 is increased in the presence of alpha-synuclein compared to controls.	complete
	GO:0000287	magnesium ion binding	PMID:11850416^[2]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0001774	microglial cell activation	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0001921	positive regulation of receptor recycling	PMID:18980610^[3]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0001956	positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0001963	synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0005509	calcium ion binding	PMID:11312271^[4]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0005509	calcium ion binding	PMID:11850416^[2]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:11943812^[5]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:P07101	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:11956199^[6]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q9Y6H5	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:12958153^[7]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q01959	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:15590652^[8]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:O94811	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:15671022^[9]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:P08107	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:16882008^[10]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:P31645	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:17156375^[11]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:P23975	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:19549071^[12]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:P41235	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:19549071^[12]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q9P2Y4	F
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:19549071^[12]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q9Y5A6	F
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	Reactome:REACT_75876	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		C
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	Reactome:REACT_75905	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		C
	GO:0005634	nucleus	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0539	C
	GO:0005634	nucleus	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	C
	GO:0005634	nucleus	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0191	C
	GO:0005634	nucleus	PMID:12406186^[13]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005634	nucleus	PMID:16959795^[14]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005634	nucleus	PMID:17408955^[15]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR002460	C
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0963	C
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	C
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0086	C
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	PMID:12406186^[13]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	PMID:12958153^[7]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	PMID:16959795^[14]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	PMID:17408955^[15]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005739	mitochondrion	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	C
	GO:0005829	cytosol	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	C
	GO:0005829	cytosol	PMID:8248242^[16]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005856	cytoskeleton	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	C
	GO:0005886	plasma membrane	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	C
	GO:0005886	plasma membrane	PMID:12958153^[7]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005886	plasma membrane	PMID:15641770^[17]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005938	cell cortex	PMID:19157893^[18]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0006631	fatty acid metabolic process	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0006638	neutral lipid metabolic process	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0006644	phospholipid metabolic process	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0006916	anti-apoptosis	PMID:10818098^[19]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0006919	activation of caspase activity	PMID:21050448^[20]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0007006	mitochondrial membrane organization	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0008198	ferrous iron binding	PMID:11850416^[2]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0008219	cell death	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0523	P
	GO:0008270	zinc ion binding	PMID:11850416^[2]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0008344	adult locomotory behavior	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0010040	response to iron(II) ion	PMID:11850416^[2]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0010517	regulation of phospholipase activity	PMID:15641770^[17]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0010642	negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	PMID:12239163^[21]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0014048	regulation of glutamate secretion	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0014059	regulation of dopamine secretion	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR002460	P
	GO:0014059	regulation of dopamine secretion	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0015629	actin cytoskeleton	PMID:17408955^[15]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0016020	membrane	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0472	C
	GO:0016020	membrane	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0162	C
	GO:0016044	cellular membrane organization	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0019717	synaptosome	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	C
	GO:0019894	kinesin binding	PMID:16176937^[22]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q2PQA9	F
	GO:0030054	cell junction	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0965	C
	GO:0030424	axon	PMID:12958153^[7]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0030426	growth cone	PMID:12958153^[7]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0030544	Hsp70 protein binding	PMID:18975920^[23]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:P08107	F
	GO:0031115	negative regulation of microtubule polymerization	PMID:21127069^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0031623	receptor internalization	PMID:18980610^[3]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0032026	response to magnesium ion	PMID:11850416^[2]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0032410	negative regulation of transporter activity	PMID:16882008^[10]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0032496	response to lipopolysaccharide	PMID:12406186^[13]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0032769	negative regulation of monooxygenase activity	PMID:11943812^[5]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0033138	positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0033138	positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	GO_REF:0000024	ISS: Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity	UniProtKB:O55042	P
	GO:0034341	response to interferon-gamma	PMID:19157893^[18]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0034599	cellular response to oxidative stress	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0035067	negative regulation of histone acetylation	PMID:16959795^[14]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0040012	regulation of locomotion	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0042393	histone binding	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	F
	GO:0042393	histone binding	PMID:16959795^[14]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0042416	dopamine biosynthetic process	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0042417	dopamine metabolic process	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0042493	response to drug	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0042775	mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0042802	identical protein binding	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	F
	GO:0043014	alpha-tubulin binding	PMID:11698390^[24]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:P68363	F
	GO:0043027	caspase inhibitor activity	PMID:10818098^[19]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0043030	regulation of macrophage activation	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0043154	negative regulation of caspase activity	PMID:10818098^[19]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0043154	negative regulation of caspase activity	PMID:10818098^[19]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0043205	fibril	PMID:18346205^[25]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0043524	negative regulation of neuron apoptosis	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0045202	synapse	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0770	C
	GO:0045202	synapse	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0258	C
	GO:0045502	dynein binding	PMID:16176937^[22]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q5XIL8	F
	GO:0045807	positive regulation of endocytosis	PMID:18980610^[3]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0045920	negative regulation of exocytosis	PMID:12239163^[21]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0046928	regulation of neurotransmitter secretion	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0048156	tau protein binding	PMID:17408955^[15]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0048156	tau protein binding	PMID:21127069^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0048168	regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0048169	regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0048488	synaptic vesicle endocytosis	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0048488	synaptic vesicle endocytosis	GO_REF:0000024	ISS: Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity	UniProtKB:O55042	P
	GO:0048489	synaptic vesicle transport	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0050544	arachidonic acid binding	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	F
	GO:0050806	positive regulation of synaptic transmission	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0050812	regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic process	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0051219	phosphoprotein binding	PMID:21127069^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0051281	positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	PMID:15641770^[17]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0051585	negative regulation of dopamine uptake	PMID:12958153^[7]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0051612	negative regulation of serotonin uptake	PMID:16882008^[10]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0051622	negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake	PMID:17156375^[11]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0060079	regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0060291	long-term synaptic potentiation	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000126067	P
	GO:0060732	positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	PMID:15641770^[17]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0070495	negative regulation of thrombin receptor signaling pathway	PMID:12239163^[21]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0070555	response to interleukin-1	PMID:12406186^[13]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0071902	positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity	PMID:21127069^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
NOT	GO:0005504	fatty acid binding	PMID:16687662^[26]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
NOT	GO:0055074	calcium ion homeostasis	PMID:12239163^[21]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
NOT	GO:0060961	phospholipase D inhibitor activity	PMID:19146388^[27]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
colocalizes_with	GO:0031092	platelet alpha granule membrane	PMID:12239163^[21]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
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Notes

References

See Help:References for how to manage references in GONUTS.

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Qureshi HY & Paudel HK (2011) Parkinsonian neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and alpha-synuclein mutations promote Tau protein phosphorylation at Ser262 and destabilize microtubule cytoskeleton in vitro. J Biol Chem 286: 5055-68 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Golts N et al. (2002) Magnesium inhibits spontaneous and iron-induced aggregation of alpha-synuclein. J Biol Chem 277: 16116-23 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Ben Gedalya T et al. (2009) Alpha-synuclein and polyunsaturated fatty acids promote clathrin-mediated endocytosis and synaptic vesicle recycling. Traffic 10: 218-34 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Nielsen MS et al. (2001) Ca2+ binding to alpha-synuclein regulates ligand binding and oligomerization. J Biol Chem 276: 22680-4 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Perez RG et al. (2002) A role for alpha-synuclein in the regulation of dopamine biosynthesis. J Neurosci 22: 3090-9 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Ribeiro CS et al. (2002) Synphilin-1 is developmentally localized to synaptic terminals, and its association with synaptic vesicles is modulated by alpha-synuclein. J Biol Chem 277: 23927-33 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 Wersinger C et al. (2003) Modulation of dopamine transporter function by alpha-synuclein is altered by impairment of cell adhesion and by induction of oxidative stress. FASEB J 17: 2151-3 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Lindersson E et al. (2005) p25alpha Stimulates alpha-synuclein aggregation and is co-localized with aggregated alpha-synuclein in alpha-synucleinopathies. J Biol Chem 280: 5703-15 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Dedmon MM et al. (2005) Heat shock protein 70 inhibits alpha-synuclein fibril formation via preferential binding to prefibrillar species. J Biol Chem 280: 14733-40 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 Wersinger C et al. (2006) Modulation of the trafficking of the human serotonin transporter by human alpha-synuclein. Eur J Neurosci 24: 55-64 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Wersinger C et al. (2006) Attenuation of the norepinephrine transporter activity and trafficking via interactions with alpha-synuclein. Eur J Neurosci 24: 3141-52 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 ^12.2 Clough RL et al. (2009) Functional dissection of the alpha-synuclein promoter: transcriptional regulation by ZSCAN21 and ZNF219. J Neurochem 110: 1479-90 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 ^13.3 Tanji K et al. (2002) Upregulation of alpha-synuclein by lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1 in human macrophages. Pathol Int 52: 572-7 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 ^14.3 Kontopoulos E et al. (2006) Alpha-synuclein acts in the nucleus to inhibit histone acetylation and promote neurotoxicity. Hum Mol Genet 15: 3012-23 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 Esposito A et al. (2007) alpha-Synuclein and its disease-related mutants interact differentially with the microtubule protein tau and associate with the actin cytoskeleton. Neurobiol Dis 26: 521-31 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Uéda K et al. (1993) Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding an unrecognized component of amyloid in Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 11282-6 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^17.0 ^17.1 ^17.2 ^17.3 Narayanan V et al. (2005) Fluorescence studies suggest a role for alpha-synuclein in the phosphatidylinositol lipid signaling pathway. Biochemistry 44: 462-70 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^18.0 ^18.1 Dinh K et al. (2009) Fluorescence microscopy and 3D image reconstruction of cytokine initiated disruption of the Parkinson disease associated proteins alpha-synuclein, tau and ubiquitin in cultured glial cells. Cytokine 45: 179-83 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^19.0 ^19.1 ^19.2 ^19.3 da Costa CA et al. (2000) Wild-type but not Parkinson's disease-related ala-53 --> Thr mutant alpha -synuclein protects neuronal cells from apoptotic stimuli. J Biol Chem 275: 24065-9 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Khandelwal PJ et al. (2010) Parkinson-related parkin reduces α-Synuclein phosphorylation in a gene transfer model. Mol Neurodegener 5: 47 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^21.0 ^21.1 ^21.2 ^21.3 ^21.4 Park SM et al. (2002) Evidence that alpha-synuclein functions as a negative regulator of Ca(++)-dependent alpha-granule release from human platelets. Blood 100: 2506-14 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^22.0 ^22.1 Utton MA et al. (2005) Molecular motors implicated in the axonal transport of tau and alpha-synuclein. J Cell Sci 118: 4645-54 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Luk KC et al. (2008) Interactions between Hsp70 and the hydrophobic core of alpha-synuclein inhibit fibril assembly. Biochemistry 47: 12614-25 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Alim MA et al. (2002) Tubulin seeds alpha-synuclein fibril formation. J Biol Chem 277: 2112-7 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Gerard M et al. (2008) FK506 binding protein 12 differentially accelerates fibril formation of wild type alpha-synuclein and its clinical mutants A30P or A53T. J Neurochem 106: 121-33 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Lücke C et al. (2006) Interactions between fatty acids and alpha-synuclein. J Lipid Res 47: 1714-24 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Rappley I et al. (2009) Evidence that alpha-synuclein does not inhibit phospholipase D. Biochemistry 48: 1077-83 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:21127069-0] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Qureshi HY & Paudel HK (2011) Parkinsonian neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and alpha-synuclein mutations promote Tau protein phosphorylation at Ser262 and destabilize microtubule cytoskeleton in vitro. J Biol Chem 286: 5055-68 PubMed GONUTS page

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[PMID:18980610-2] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Ben Gedalya T et al. (2009) Alpha-synuclein and polyunsaturated fatty acids promote clathrin-mediated endocytosis and synaptic vesicle recycling. Traffic 10: 218-34 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:11312271-3] Nielsen MS et al. (2001) Ca2+ binding to alpha-synuclein regulates ligand binding and oligomerization. J Biol Chem 276: 22680-4 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:11943812-4] 5.0 ^5.1 Perez RG et al. (2002) A role for alpha-synuclein in the regulation of dopamine biosynthesis. J Neurosci 22: 3090-9 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:11956199-5] Ribeiro CS et al. (2002) Synphilin-1 is developmentally localized to synaptic terminals, and its association with synaptic vesicles is modulated by alpha-synuclein. J Biol Chem 277: 23927-33 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:12958153-6] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 Wersinger C et al. (2003) Modulation of dopamine transporter function by alpha-synuclein is altered by impairment of cell adhesion and by induction of oxidative stress. FASEB J 17: 2151-3 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:15590652-7] Lindersson E et al. (2005) p25alpha Stimulates alpha-synuclein aggregation and is co-localized with aggregated alpha-synuclein in alpha-synucleinopathies. J Biol Chem 280: 5703-15 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:15671022-8] Dedmon MM et al. (2005) Heat shock protein 70 inhibits alpha-synuclein fibril formation via preferential binding to prefibrillar species. J Biol Chem 280: 14733-40 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:16882008-9] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 Wersinger C et al. (2006) Modulation of the trafficking of the human serotonin transporter by human alpha-synuclein. Eur J Neurosci 24: 55-64 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:17156375-10] 11.0 ^11.1 Wersinger C et al. (2006) Attenuation of the norepinephrine transporter activity and trafficking via interactions with alpha-synuclein. Eur J Neurosci 24: 3141-52 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:19549071-11] 12.0 ^12.1 ^12.2 Clough RL et al. (2009) Functional dissection of the alpha-synuclein promoter: transcriptional regulation by ZSCAN21 and ZNF219. J Neurochem 110: 1479-90 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:12406186-12] 13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 ^13.3 Tanji K et al. (2002) Upregulation of alpha-synuclein by lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1 in human macrophages. Pathol Int 52: 572-7 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:16959795-13] 14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 ^14.3 Kontopoulos E et al. (2006) Alpha-synuclein acts in the nucleus to inhibit histone acetylation and promote neurotoxicity. Hum Mol Genet 15: 3012-23 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:17408955-14] 15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 Esposito A et al. (2007) alpha-Synuclein and its disease-related mutants interact differentially with the microtubule protein tau and associate with the actin cytoskeleton. Neurobiol Dis 26: 521-31 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:8248242-15] Uéda K et al. (1993) Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding an unrecognized component of amyloid in Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 11282-6 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:15641770-16] 17.0 ^17.1 ^17.2 ^17.3 Narayanan V et al. (2005) Fluorescence studies suggest a role for alpha-synuclein in the phosphatidylinositol lipid signaling pathway. Biochemistry 44: 462-70 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:19157893-17] 18.0 ^18.1 Dinh K et al. (2009) Fluorescence microscopy and 3D image reconstruction of cytokine initiated disruption of the Parkinson disease associated proteins alpha-synuclein, tau and ubiquitin in cultured glial cells. Cytokine 45: 179-83 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:10818098-18] 19.0 ^19.1 ^19.2 ^19.3 da Costa CA et al. (2000) Wild-type but not Parkinson's disease-related ala-53 --> Thr mutant alpha -synuclein protects neuronal cells from apoptotic stimuli. J Biol Chem 275: 24065-9 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:21050448-19] Khandelwal PJ et al. (2010) Parkinson-related parkin reduces α-Synuclein phosphorylation in a gene transfer model. Mol Neurodegener 5: 47 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:12239163-20] 21.0 ^21.1 ^21.2 ^21.3 ^21.4 Park SM et al. (2002) Evidence that alpha-synuclein functions as a negative regulator of Ca(++)-dependent alpha-granule release from human platelets. Blood 100: 2506-14 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:16176937-21] 22.0 ^22.1 Utton MA et al. (2005) Molecular motors implicated in the axonal transport of tau and alpha-synuclein. J Cell Sci 118: 4645-54 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:18975920-22] Luk KC et al. (2008) Interactions between Hsp70 and the hydrophobic core of alpha-synuclein inhibit fibril assembly. Biochemistry 47: 12614-25 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:11698390-23] Alim MA et al. (2002) Tubulin seeds alpha-synuclein fibril formation. J Biol Chem 277: 2112-7 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:18346205-24] Gerard M et al. (2008) FK506 binding protein 12 differentially accelerates fibril formation of wild type alpha-synuclein and its clinical mutants A30P or A53T. J Neurochem 106: 121-33 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:16687662-25] Lücke C et al. (2006) Interactions between fatty acids and alpha-synuclein. J Lipid Res 47: 1714-24 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:19146388-26] Rappley I et al. (2009) Evidence that alpha-synuclein does not inhibit phospholipase D. Biochemistry 48: 1077-83 PubMed GONUTS page

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