HUMAN:APOC3

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Species (Taxon ID)	Homo sapiens (Human). (taxon:9606)
Gene Name(s)	APOC3
Protein Name(s)	Apolipoprotein C-III Apo-CIII ApoC-III Apolipoprotein C3
External Links
UniProt Identifier	APOC3_HUMAN
UniProt Accessions	P02656, Q08E83, Q6Q786,
EMBL	J00098, M33043, M33041, M33042, X01392, X01388, X03120, V01513, M28613, M28614, X00567, AY422951, AY555191, BC027977, BC121081,
PIR	A90950,
RefSeq	NP_000031.1,
PDB	2JQ3,
Ensembl	ENST00000227667, ENST00000360377, ENST00000375345,
Pfam	PF05778,

Annotations

Qualifier	GO ID	GO term name	Reference	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Notes	Status
	GO:0042627	chylomicron		IEA		C	Source: UniProtKB-KW
	GO:0034363	intermediate-density lipoprotein particle		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0034366	spherical high-density lipoprotein particle		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0034361	very-low-density lipoprotein particle		IEA		C	Source: UniProtKB-KW
	GO:0015485	cholesterol binding		IC: Inferred by Curator		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0055102	lipase inhibitor activity		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0005543	phospholipid binding		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0033344	cholesterol efflux		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0034375	high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling		IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0042157	lipoprotein metabolic process		IEA		P	Source: InterPro
	GO:0045717	negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthe...		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0051005	negative regulation of lipoprotein lipase a...		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0048261	negative regulation of receptor-mediated en...		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0010897	negative regulation of triglyceride catabol...		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0033700	phospholipid efflux		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0006641	triglyceride metabolic process		IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P	Source: UniProtKB	required field missing
	GO:0034379	very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB	required field missing
	GO:0032375	negative regulation of cholesterol transport		IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P		required field missing
	GO:0034383	low-density lipoprotein particle clearance		IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P		required field missing
	GO:0034382	chylomicron remnant clearance		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P		required field missing
	GO:0034384	high-density lipoprotein particle clearance		IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P		required field missing
	GO:0010903	negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P		required field missing
	GO:0042632	cholesterol homeostasis		IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P		required field missing
	GO:0043691	reverse cholesterol transport		IC: Inferred by Curator		P		required field missing
	GO:0034379	very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly		TAS: Traceable Author Statement		P		required field missing
	GO:0005543	phospholipid binding	PMID:11060345^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0005543	phospholipid binding	PMID:4066713^[2]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR008403	C
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0964	C
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0243	C
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	Reactome:REACT_13783	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		C
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	Reactome:REACT_6727	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		C
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	Reactome:REACT_6734	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		C
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	Reactome:REACT_6852	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		C
	GO:0005615	extracellular space	PMID:11060345^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0006629	lipid metabolic process	Reactome:REACT_602	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		P
	GO:0006641	triglyceride metabolic process	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000034586	P
	GO:0006641	triglyceride metabolic process	PMID:17142127^[3]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0006642	triglyceride mobilization	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000034586	P
	GO:0006810	transport	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0813	P
	GO:0006869	lipid transport	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR008403	P
	GO:0006869	lipid transport	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0445	P
	GO:0007186	G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway	PMID:16443932^[4]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0008203	cholesterol metabolic process	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000034586	P
	GO:0008289	lipid binding	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR008403	F
	GO:0010897	negative regulation of triglyceride catabolic process	PMID:18635818^[5]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0010897	negative regulation of triglyceride catabolic process	PMID:3973011^[6]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0010903	negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling	PMID:18635818^[5]	IC: Inferred by Curator	GO:0051005	P
	GO:0010903	negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling	PMID:3973011^[6]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0010916	negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance	PMID:1917954^[7]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0010987	negative regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance	PMID:15778093^[8]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0010989	negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance	PMID:15778093^[8]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0015485	cholesterol binding	PMID:11162594^[9]	IC: Inferred by Curator	GO:0033344	F
	GO:0016042	lipid catabolic process	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0442	P
	GO:0019433	triglyceride catabolic process	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000034586	P
	GO:0019433	triglyceride catabolic process	PMID:11060345^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0030234	enzyme regulator activity	PMID:11060345^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0032488	Cdc42 protein signal transduction	PMID:16443932^[4]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0033344	cholesterol efflux	PMID:11162594^[9]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0033344	cholesterol efflux	PMID:16443932^[4]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0033700	phospholipid efflux	PMID:11162594^[9]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0034361	very-low-density lipoprotein particle	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0850	C
	GO:0034361	very-low-density lipoprotein particle	PMID:16935699^[10]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0034361	very-low-density lipoprotein particle	PMID:17154273^[11]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0034361	very-low-density lipoprotein particle	PMID:3973011^[6]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0034363	intermediate-density lipoprotein particle	PMID:17336988^[12]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0034366	spherical high-density lipoprotein particle	PMID:17438339^[13]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0034375	high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling	PMID:17438339^[13]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0034379	very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly	PMID:18399797^[14]	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		P
	GO:0034382	chylomicron remnant clearance	PMID:4020294^[15]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0042157	lipoprotein metabolic process	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR008403	P
	GO:0042157	lipoprotein metabolic process	Reactome:REACT_13621	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		P
	GO:0042157	lipoprotein metabolic process	Reactome:REACT_6823	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		P
	GO:0042157	lipoprotein metabolic process	Reactome:REACT_6841	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		P
	GO:0042627	chylomicron	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0162	C
	GO:0042627	chylomicron	PMID:8245722^[16]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0042632	cholesterol homeostasis	PMID:18767813^[17]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0043691	reverse cholesterol transport	PMID:15778093^[8]	IC: Inferred by Curator	GO:0034384	P
	GO:0045717	negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process	PMID:11060345^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0045717	negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process	PMID:18635818^[5]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0045833	negative regulation of lipid metabolic process	PMID:182536^[18]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0048261	negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis	PMID:1917954^[7]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0050995	negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	PMID:15576844^[19]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0051005	negative regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity	PMID:11060345^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0051005	negative regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity	PMID:18635818^[5]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0051005	negative regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity	PMID:3973011^[6]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0055102	lipase inhibitor activity	PMID:15576844^[19]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0055102	lipase inhibitor activity	PMID:182536^[18]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0055102	lipase inhibitor activity	PMID:18635818^[5]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0055102	lipase inhibitor activity	PMID:3973011^[6]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0060621	negative regulation of cholesterol import	PMID:15778093^[8]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0070328	triglyceride homeostasis	PMID:18767813^[17]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0070653	high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding	PMID:9254056^[20]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q61009	F
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Notes

References

See Help:References for how to manage references in GONUTS.

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Liu H et al. (2000) Characterization of the lipid-binding properties and lipoprotein lipase inhibition of a novel apolipoprotein C-III variant Ala23Thr. J Lipid Res 41: 1760-71 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Yokoyama S et al. (1985) Behavior of human apolipoprotein E in aqueous solutions and at interfaces. J Biol Chem 260: 16375-82 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Hallman DM et al. (2006) Longitudinal analysis of haplotypes and polymorphisms of the APOA5 and APOC3 genes associated with variation in serum triglyceride levels: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Metabolism 55: 1574-81 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Nofer JR et al. (2006) Apolipoprotein A-I activates Cdc42 signaling through the ABCA1 transporter. J Lipid Res 47: 794-803 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Dorfmeister B et al. (2008) Effects of six APOA5 variants, identified in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, on in vitro lipoprotein lipase activity and receptor binding. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28: 1866-71 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Wang CS et al. (1985) Modulation of lipoprotein lipase activity by apolipoproteins. Effect of apolipoprotein C-III. J Clin Invest 75: 384-90 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Sehayek E & Eisenberg S (1991) Mechanisms of inhibition by apolipoprotein C of apolipoprotein E-dependent cellular metabolism of human triglyceride-rich lipoproteins through the low density lipoprotein receptor pathway. J Biol Chem 266: 18259-67 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 Huard K et al. (2005) Apolipoproteins C-II and C-III inhibit selective uptake of low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesteryl esters in HepG2 cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37: 1308-18 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Remaley AT et al. (2001) Apolipoprotein specificity for lipid efflux by the human ABCAI transporter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 280: 818-23 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Jackson KG et al. (2006) Apolipoprotein E enrichment of immuno-separated chylomicron and chylomicron remnants following saturated fatty acids. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 16: 405-17 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Mancone C et al. (2007) Proteomic analysis of human very low-density lipoprotein by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF. Proteomics 7: 143-54 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Meyer BJ et al. (2007) Fractionation of cholesteryl ester rich intermediate density lipoprotein subpopulations by chondroitin sulphate. Atherosclerosis 195: e28-34 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Qu S et al. (2007) Effects of apoA-V on HDL and VLDL metabolism in APOC3 transgenic mice. J Lipid Res 48: 1476-87 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Ooi EM et al. (2008) Apolipoprotein C-III: understanding an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. Clin Sci (Lond) 114: 611-24 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Windler E & Havel RJ (1985) Inhibitory effects of C apolipoproteins from rats and humans on the uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants by the perfused rat liver. J Lipid Res 26: 556-65 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Connelly PW et al. (1993) Identification of disulfide-linked apolipoprotein species in human lipoproteins. J Lipid Res 34: 1717-27 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^17.0 ^17.1 Kypreos KE (2008) ABCA1 promotes the de novo biogenesis of apolipoprotein CIII-containing HDL particles in vivo and modulates the severity of apolipoprotein CIII-induced hypertriglyceridemia. Biochemistry 47: 10491-502 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^18.0 ^18.1 Kinnunen PK & Ehnolm C (1976) Effect of serum and C-apoproteins from very low density lipoproteins on human postheparin plasma hepatic lipase. FEBS Lett 65: 354-7 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^19.0 ^19.1 Berbée JF et al. (2005) Severe hypertriglyceridemia in human APOC1 transgenic mice is caused by apoC-I-induced inhibition of LPL. J Lipid Res 46: 297-306 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Xu S et al. (1997) Apolipoproteins of HDL can directly mediate binding to the scavenger receptor SR-BI, an HDL receptor that mediates selective lipid uptake. J Lipid Res 38: 1289-98 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:11060345-0] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Liu H et al. (2000) Characterization of the lipid-binding properties and lipoprotein lipase inhibition of a novel apolipoprotein C-III variant Ala23Thr. J Lipid Res 41: 1760-71 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:4066713-1] Yokoyama S et al. (1985) Behavior of human apolipoprotein E in aqueous solutions and at interfaces. J Biol Chem 260: 16375-82 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:17142127-2] Hallman DM et al. (2006) Longitudinal analysis of haplotypes and polymorphisms of the APOA5 and APOC3 genes associated with variation in serum triglyceride levels: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Metabolism 55: 1574-81 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:16443932-3] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Nofer JR et al. (2006) Apolipoprotein A-I activates Cdc42 signaling through the ABCA1 transporter. J Lipid Res 47: 794-803 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:18635818-4] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Dorfmeister B et al. (2008) Effects of six APOA5 variants, identified in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, on in vitro lipoprotein lipase activity and receptor binding. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28: 1866-71 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:3973011-5] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Wang CS et al. (1985) Modulation of lipoprotein lipase activity by apolipoproteins. Effect of apolipoprotein C-III. J Clin Invest 75: 384-90 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:1917954-6] 7.0 ^7.1 Sehayek E & Eisenberg S (1991) Mechanisms of inhibition by apolipoprotein C of apolipoprotein E-dependent cellular metabolism of human triglyceride-rich lipoproteins through the low density lipoprotein receptor pathway. J Biol Chem 266: 18259-67 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:15778093-7] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 Huard K et al. (2005) Apolipoproteins C-II and C-III inhibit selective uptake of low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesteryl esters in HepG2 cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37: 1308-18 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:11162594-8] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Remaley AT et al. (2001) Apolipoprotein specificity for lipid efflux by the human ABCAI transporter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 280: 818-23 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:16935699-9] Jackson KG et al. (2006) Apolipoprotein E enrichment of immuno-separated chylomicron and chylomicron remnants following saturated fatty acids. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 16: 405-17 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:17154273-10] Mancone C et al. (2007) Proteomic analysis of human very low-density lipoprotein by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF. Proteomics 7: 143-54 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:17336988-11] Meyer BJ et al. (2007) Fractionation of cholesteryl ester rich intermediate density lipoprotein subpopulations by chondroitin sulphate. Atherosclerosis 195: e28-34 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:17438339-12] 13.0 ^13.1 Qu S et al. (2007) Effects of apoA-V on HDL and VLDL metabolism in APOC3 transgenic mice. J Lipid Res 48: 1476-87 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:18399797-13] Ooi EM et al. (2008) Apolipoprotein C-III: understanding an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. Clin Sci (Lond) 114: 611-24 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:4020294-14] Windler E & Havel RJ (1985) Inhibitory effects of C apolipoproteins from rats and humans on the uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants by the perfused rat liver. J Lipid Res 26: 556-65 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:8245722-15] Connelly PW et al. (1993) Identification of disulfide-linked apolipoprotein species in human lipoproteins. J Lipid Res 34: 1717-27 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:18767813-16] 17.0 ^17.1 Kypreos KE (2008) ABCA1 promotes the de novo biogenesis of apolipoprotein CIII-containing HDL particles in vivo and modulates the severity of apolipoprotein CIII-induced hypertriglyceridemia. Biochemistry 47: 10491-502 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:182536-17] 18.0 ^18.1 Kinnunen PK & Ehnolm C (1976) Effect of serum and C-apoproteins from very low density lipoproteins on human postheparin plasma hepatic lipase. FEBS Lett 65: 354-7 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:15576844-18] 19.0 ^19.1 Berbée JF et al. (2005) Severe hypertriglyceridemia in human APOC1 transgenic mice is caused by apoC-I-induced inhibition of LPL. J Lipid Res 46: 297-306 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:9254056-19] Xu S et al. (1997) Apolipoproteins of HDL can directly mediate binding to the scavenger receptor SR-BI, an HDL receptor that mediates selective lipid uptake. J Lipid Res 38: 1289-98 PubMed GONUTS page

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HUMAN:APOC3

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