HUMAN:APOA5

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Species (Taxon ID)	Homo sapiens (Human). (taxon:9606)
Gene Name(s)	APOA5 ( synonyms: RAP3 )
Protein Name(s)	Apolipoprotein A-V Apo-AV ApoA-V Apolipoprotein A5 Regeneration-associated protein 3
External Links
UniProt Identifier	APOA5_HUMAN
UniProt Accessions	Q6Q788, B0YIV9, Q3MIK6, Q6UWK9, Q9UBJ3,
EMBL	AF202889, AF202890, AY555191, AY422949, AY358749, EF444949, EF444949, BC101787, BC101789,
RefSeq	NP_001160070.1, NP_443200.2,
Ensembl	ENST00000227665,
Pfam	PF01442,

Annotations

Qualifier	GO ID	GO term name	Reference	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Notes	Status
	GO:0042627	chylomicron		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0034364	high-density lipoprotein particle		IEA		C	Source: UniProtKB-KW
	GO:0034361	very-low-density lipoprotein particle		IEA		C	Source: UniProtKB-KW
	GO:0019899	enzyme binding		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0008201	heparin binding		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0060230	lipoprotein lipase activator activity		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0050750	low-density lipoprotein receptor binding		IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0031210	phosphatidylcholine binding		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0055090	acylglycerol homeostasis		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0006869	lipid transport		IEA		P	Source: InterPro
	GO:0042157	lipoprotein metabolic process		IEA		P	Source: InterPro
	GO:0045723	positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthe...		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0051006	positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase a...		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0048260	positive regulation of receptor-mediated en...		TAS: Traceable Author Statement		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0010898	positive regulation of triglyceride catabol...		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0006641	triglyceride metabolic process		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P		required field missing
	GO:0070328	triglyceride homeostasis		IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P	Source: UniProtKB
	GO:0010902	positive regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P		required field missing
	GO:0050996	positive regulation of lipid catabolic process		IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P		required field missing
	GO:0005319	lipid transporter activity	PMID:19121291^[1]	EXP: Inferred from Experiment		F	In introduction, author refers to other paper for evidence that it is involved in regulating TG (triglyceride) levels.	complete
	GO:0005615	extracellular space	PMID:19121291^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C	Fig. 1A Shows mice infected with apoAV adenovirus show overexpression of apoAV in plasma, both in wild type and mutant forms	complete
	GO:0034014	response to triglyceride	PMID:19121291^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Fig. 1B Triglyceride levels in plasma rose after injection of mock virus	complete
	GO:0071830	triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle clearance	PMID:19121291^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Fig. 1B Expression of apoAV reduced TG levels in all groups	complete
	GO:0034447	very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance	PMID:19121291^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Reduction of triglyceride levels in the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction	complete
	GO:0042632	cholesterol homeostasis	PMID:19121291^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Fig. 1C ApoAV plasma overexpression lowered plasma total cholesterol	complete
	GO:0034384	high-density lipoprotein particle clearance	PMID:19121291^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P	Fig. 1E Shows a decrease in High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol	complete
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:17997385^[2]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q8IV16	F
	GO:0005543	phospholipid binding	PMID:12810715^[3]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR000074	C
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0964	C
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-0243	C
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	PMID:11577099^[4]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	Reactome:REACT_22360	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		C
	GO:0005615	extracellular space	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSRNOP00000024918	C
	GO:0005615	extracellular space	PMID:18635818^[5]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0005615	extracellular space	PMID:19121291^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0006641	triglyceride metabolic process	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000113413	P
	GO:0006641	triglyceride metabolic process	PMID:11588264^[6]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0006641	triglyceride metabolic process	PMID:12417525^[7]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0006641	triglyceride metabolic process	PMID:14729863^[8]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0006641	triglyceride metabolic process	PMID:17142127^[9]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0006810	transport	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0813	P
	GO:0006869	lipid transport	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR000074	P
	GO:0006869	lipid transport	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0445	P
	GO:0006869	lipid transport	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSRNOP00000024918	P
	GO:0006869	lipid transport	PMID:15178420^[10]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0008047	enzyme activator activity	PMID:16806135^[11]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0008201	heparin binding	PMID:15878877^[12]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0008289	lipid binding	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR000074	F
	GO:0008289	lipid binding	PMID:12810715^[3]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0009725	response to hormone stimulus	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSRNOP00000024918	P
	GO:0010898	positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process	PMID:18635818^[5]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0010902	positive regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling	PMID:18635818^[5]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0019433	triglyceride catabolic process	PMID:15178420^[10]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0019899	enzyme binding	PMID:15178420^[10]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0031100	organ regeneration	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSRNOP00000024918	P
	GO:0031210	phosphatidylcholine binding	PMID:16806135^[11]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0034361	very-low-density lipoprotein particle	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0850	C
	GO:0034361	very-low-density lipoprotein particle	PMID:15528295^[13]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0034364	high-density lipoprotein particle	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0345	C
	GO:0034364	high-density lipoprotein particle	PMID:15528295^[13]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0034370	triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000113413	P
	GO:0042157	lipoprotein metabolic process	GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR000074	P
	GO:0042246	tissue regeneration	PMID:11577099^[4]	IEP: Inferred from Expression Pattern		P
	GO:0042627	chylomicron	GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0162	C
	GO:0042627	chylomicron	PMID:15528295^[13]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
	GO:0042632	cholesterol homeostasis	PMID:19121291^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0044255	cellular lipid metabolic process	Reactome:REACT_22279	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		P
	GO:0045723	positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process	PMID:18635818^[5]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0048260	positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis	PMID:18635818^[5]	TAS: Traceable Author Statement		P
	GO:0050750	low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding	PMID:17326667^[14]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q07954	F
	GO:0050750	low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding	PMID:17326667^[14]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q92673	F
	GO:0050996	positive regulation of lipid catabolic process	PMID:16806135^[11]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0051006	positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity	PMID:15178420^[10]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0051006	positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity	PMID:16806135^[11]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0051006	positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity	PMID:18635818^[5]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0055090	acylglycerol homeostasis	GO_REF:0000019	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	Ensembl:ENSMUSP00000113413	P
	GO:0055090	acylglycerol homeostasis	PMID:11588264^[6]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
	GO:0055090	acylglycerol homeostasis	PMID:15178420^[10]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0060229	lipase activator activity	PMID:15178420^[10]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		F
	GO:0060230	lipoprotein lipase activator activity	PMID:18635818^[5]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
	GO:0070325	lipoprotein particle receptor binding	PMID:18635818^[5]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:P98165	F
	GO:0070325	lipoprotein particle receptor binding	PMID:18635818^[5]	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	UniProtKB:Q07954	F
	GO:0070328	triglyceride homeostasis	PMID:18635818^[5]	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P
	GO:0070328	triglyceride homeostasis	PMID:19121291^[1]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P
NOT	GO:0034362	low-density lipoprotein particle	PMID:15528295^[13]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C
contributes_to	GO:0008201	heparin binding	PMID:17326667^[14]	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F
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Notes

References

See Help:References for how to manage references in GONUTS.

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 ^1.8 ^1.9 Vaessen SF et al. (2009) Efficient lowering of triglyceride levels in mice by human apoAV protein variants associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 379: 542-6 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Gin P et al. (2007) Normal binding of lipoprotein lipase, chylomicrons, and apo-AV to GPIHBP1 containing a G56R amino acid substitution. Biochim Biophys Acta 1771: 1464-8 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Weinberg RB et al. (2003) Structure and interfacial properties of human apolipoprotein A-V. J Biol Chem 278: 34438-44 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 van der Vliet HN et al. (2001) Apolipoprotein A-V: a novel apolipoprotein associated with an early phase of liver regeneration. J Biol Chem 276: 44512-20 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 ^5.6 ^5.7 ^5.8 ^5.9 Dorfmeister B et al. (2008) Effects of six APOA5 variants, identified in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, on in vitro lipoprotein lipase activity and receptor binding. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28: 1866-71 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Pennacchio LA et al. (2001) An apolipoprotein influencing triglycerides in humans and mice revealed by comparative sequencing. Science 294: 169-73 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Talmud PJ et al. (2002) Relative contribution of variation within the APOC3/A4/A5 gene cluster in determining plasma triglycerides. Hum Mol Genet 11: 3039-46 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Talmud PJ et al. (2004) APOA5 gene variants, lipoprotein particle distribution, and progression of coronary heart disease: results from the LOCAT study. J Lipid Res 45: 750-6 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Hallman DM et al. (2006) Longitudinal analysis of haplotypes and polymorphisms of the APOA5 and APOC3 genes associated with variation in serum triglyceride levels: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Metabolism 55: 1574-81 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 ^10.5 Fruchart-Najib J et al. (2004) Mechanism of triglyceride lowering in mice expressing human apolipoprotein A5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 319: 397-404 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 Sun G et al. (2006) Identification of lipid binding and lipoprotein lipase activation domains of human apoAV. Chem Phys Lipids 143: 22-8 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Lookene A et al. (2005) Apolipoprotein A-V-heparin interactions: implications for plasma lipoprotein metabolism. J Biol Chem 280: 25383-7 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 ^13.3 O'Brien PJ et al. (2005) The novel apolipoprotein A5 is present in human serum, is associated with VLDL, HDL, and chylomicrons, and circulates at very low concentrations compared with other apolipoproteins. Clin Chem 51: 351-9 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 Nilsson SK et al. (2007) Apolipoprotein A-V interaction with members of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family. Biochemistry 46: 3896-904 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:19121291-0] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 ^1.8 ^1.9 Vaessen SF et al. (2009) Efficient lowering of triglyceride levels in mice by human apoAV protein variants associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 379: 542-6 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:17997385-1] Gin P et al. (2007) Normal binding of lipoprotein lipase, chylomicrons, and apo-AV to GPIHBP1 containing a G56R amino acid substitution. Biochim Biophys Acta 1771: 1464-8 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:12810715-2] 3.0 ^3.1 Weinberg RB et al. (2003) Structure and interfacial properties of human apolipoprotein A-V. J Biol Chem 278: 34438-44 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:11577099-3] 4.0 ^4.1 van der Vliet HN et al. (2001) Apolipoprotein A-V: a novel apolipoprotein associated with an early phase of liver regeneration. J Biol Chem 276: 44512-20 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:18635818-4] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 ^5.6 ^5.7 ^5.8 ^5.9 Dorfmeister B et al. (2008) Effects of six APOA5 variants, identified in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, on in vitro lipoprotein lipase activity and receptor binding. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28: 1866-71 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:11588264-5] 6.0 ^6.1 Pennacchio LA et al. (2001) An apolipoprotein influencing triglycerides in humans and mice revealed by comparative sequencing. Science 294: 169-73 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:12417525-6] Talmud PJ et al. (2002) Relative contribution of variation within the APOC3/A4/A5 gene cluster in determining plasma triglycerides. Hum Mol Genet 11: 3039-46 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:14729863-7] Talmud PJ et al. (2004) APOA5 gene variants, lipoprotein particle distribution, and progression of coronary heart disease: results from the LOCAT study. J Lipid Res 45: 750-6 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:17142127-8] Hallman DM et al. (2006) Longitudinal analysis of haplotypes and polymorphisms of the APOA5 and APOC3 genes associated with variation in serum triglyceride levels: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Metabolism 55: 1574-81 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:15178420-9] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 ^10.5 Fruchart-Najib J et al. (2004) Mechanism of triglyceride lowering in mice expressing human apolipoprotein A5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 319: 397-404 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:16806135-10] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 Sun G et al. (2006) Identification of lipid binding and lipoprotein lipase activation domains of human apoAV. Chem Phys Lipids 143: 22-8 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:15878877-11] Lookene A et al. (2005) Apolipoprotein A-V-heparin interactions: implications for plasma lipoprotein metabolism. J Biol Chem 280: 25383-7 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:15528295-12] 13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 ^13.3 O'Brien PJ et al. (2005) The novel apolipoprotein A5 is present in human serum, is associated with VLDL, HDL, and chylomicrons, and circulates at very low concentrations compared with other apolipoproteins. Clin Chem 51: 351-9 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:17326667-13] 14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 Nilsson SK et al. (2007) Apolipoprotein A-V interaction with members of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family. Biochemistry 46: 3896-904 PubMed GONUTS page

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HUMAN:APOA5

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